1. Winning the War in the South
Chapter 8
Section 3 & 4
Pages

2. King’s Mountain
Thomas Young was only 16 years old when he fought in a battle to capture King’s Mountain in South Carolina. The Patriots captured King’s Mountain on October 7, 1780 and wiped out one-third of Lord Cornwallis's army in the battle.

3. Fighting in the South
Scattered fighting had taken place in the South from the start of the Revolution. In February 1776, North Carolina Patriots defeated the Loyalist army at the Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge.
A Lafayette cannon that greeted the Loyalists when they crossed Moore's Creek Bridge

4. After France entered the war
The British focused their efforts on the Southern Colonies. They counted on the support of the Loyalists there. Greatly outnumbered, the patriots suffered many setbacks. In December 1778, the British seized Savannah, Georgia and by 1780, Charleston, South Carolina.
Hoping that Loyalists would join British the army marched through the South.

5. Traitor Among Us
In September 1780, Washington received more bad news. Benedict Arnold, one of his best generals had joined the British. Washington put Arnold in charge of the fort at West Point. Arnold secretly planned to turn West Point over to the British. His plan was foiled when his message was intercepted.
BENEDICT ARNOLD, ( ). Persuading Major John Andre to conceal the plans of West Point in his boot at their meeting on 21 September 1780.

6. Francis Marion of South Carolina
Raiding parties are organized by Patriots to disrupt the British efforts.
Francis Marion, also known as the “Swamp Fox,” organized strikes against the British in the wilderness.

7. General Daniel Morgan
Another daring General fought with British at Cowpens, South Carolina.
Morgan Divided his troops into a front line and a rear line and ordered the front line to retreat after firing two volleys.
British thought Americans were retreating; charged forward into second rank
Americans won the Battle of Cowpens.

8. General Nathanael Greene
Another General known for his military knowledge second only to Washington. Used knowledge of southern geography; only fought British on ground that put the British at a disadvantage
Greene fought a bloody battle against the British at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.
Although Cornwallis drove the Patriots from the battlefield, his forces were badly beaten.

9. At the start of the Revolution, more than half a million slaves lived in the colonies.
At first the Continental Army refused to let African Americans whether free or enslaved, join the army.
The British, however, offered freedom to any male slave who served the king.
As a response, Washington changed his policy and allowed free African Americans to enlist giving the Americans badly needed troops.

10. Joining the Fight
African Americans mostly served in integrated units, but there were a few segregated units, most notably the First Rhode Island Regiment.
By the end of the war, at least 5,000 African Americans, many of them slaves, had served in the Continental Army and hundreds more in the Continental Navy.

11. African-Americans in the Revolution
At least nine black minutemen saw action at Lexington and Concord. Thousands of black sailors also served on American ships.
Others included Caesar Bacon, Cuff Whittemore, Peter Salem, and Salem Poor who all fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Some states in the north tried to end slavery after the war.

12. Women Take Part in the War
Women also helped the struggle for independence. When men went off to war, women took on added work.
They ran the family farms and businesses.
They made weapons, clothing, and soap for the soldiers.
They washed clothes, cooked, and cared for the wounded.
A few women actually took part in the fighting.
The Birth of Old Glory by Edward Percy Moran (c. 1917), depicting the presentation by Betsy Ross of the first American flag to George Washington

13. A few women took part in battle.
Mary Ludwig Hays carried water to her husband and other soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth in 1778.
The soldiers called her “Moll of the pitcher” or Molly Pitcher. When her husband was wounded she took his place and fired the cannon.

14. MOLLY PITCHER (c1754-1832). American Revolutionary heroine
MOLLY PITCHER (c ). American Revolutionary heroine. Her grave and monument at Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

15. Spying for the Continental Army
Lydia Darrah served as an American Spy.
Deborah Sampson actually dressed like a man and fought in several battles.
LYDIA DARRAH. A Quaker, giving news of British troop movements to Colonel Craig, one of General George Washington's aides, near Philadelphia on Dec. 3, 1777.

16. Cornwallis abandons Plan - moves to Virginia with plans to conquer!
Washington planned to trap the British general, Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, near the Chesapeake Bay.
Yorktown was a peninsula formed by the James River and Chesapeake Bay.

17. French Admiral de Grasse
Admiral Francois de Grasse of the French navy cuts off Cornwallis by not allowing any British ships to bring supplies to him.
BATTLE OF VIRGINIA CAPES. Battle between the French and English fleets, 5-10 September 1781.

18. Battle at Yorktown
George Washington joined forces with 7,000 French troops led by General Jean de Rochambeau, and American troops led by Anthony Wayne and Marquis de Lafayette.

20. Battle at Yorktown
Cornwallis could not get any food or supplies. And he could not escape by sea. Cornwallis held out for three weeks before he surrendered his army, on October 17, 1781.
Two days later, the British turned over their weapons over to the Americans. A British Army band played, “The World Turned Upside Down.”

21. YORKTOWN: SURRENDER, The surrender of Lord Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, at the end of the American Revolutionary War, 19 October 1781.
The Americans storming the redoubts on 14th October 1781 during the Battle of Yorktown

22. Americans rejoiced when they heard the news from Yorktown.
In London, however, the defeat shocked the British. “It was all over,” cried the British Prime Minister. The British agreed to peace talks.
The talks began in Paris in Congress sent Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay to work out a treaty. Because Britain was eager to end the war the Americans got most of what they wanted.

23. Under the Treaty of Paris
The British recognized the United States as an independent nation.
The borders of America extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. From Canada in the North to the border of Florida in the South.

24. TREATY OF PARIS, The American Peace commissioners, left to right: John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and William Temple Franklin (B. Franklin's grandson and secretary). Unfinished painting (because the British commissioners refused to pose)

25. On the other part, the Americans agreed to ask state legislatures to pay loyalists for the property lost in the war. In the end, however, most states ignored the loyalist’s claims.
On April 15, 1783, Congress ratified, or approved, the Treaty of Paris. It was almost eight years to the day since the first battles of the war that the treaty was approved.

26. LOYALISTS TO CANADA. American loyalists on their way to Canada following the end of the American Revolution, c1784.

27. Washington’s Farewell
The revolution was a long and hard struggle for the Americans.
In December 1783, General Washington bid farewell to his officers at Fraunces’ Tavern in New York City. All along Washington’s route home to Mount Vernon, Virginia. Crowds cheered the hero of independence.
Washington resigning his commission as commander-in-chief

28. WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL. General Washington's farewell to his officers at Fraunces Tavern in New York on 4 December 1783.

29. Why did the Americans Win?
Growing
Patriotism
Foreign Help
Geography
1. British sending
troops supplies
several thousand
miles from home.
Enemy was
spread out.
Americans knew
the geography
Crucial to
American cause
Spain attacked
along Gulf of
Mexico and
Mississippi Valley
French sent
supplies, soldiers,
warships
Patriots fought
in spite of early
losses
Learned to
drill, march, fight
Washington’s
leadership was key