1. Turbulence: Examples
Turbulence
Boundary Layer Separations

2. Reynolds experiment
From Flowmetrics website

3. Boundary Layer separation: Laminar flow
Reynolds number 15000
Flow visualization using air bubbles
Viscous drag vs pressure drag
BL separation,
example with a
ball rolling in a hill
Animation
From Efluids website

4. Boundary Layer separation: Turbulent flow
Reynolds number 30000
(trip wire for drag reduction)
Smooth and ‘dimpled’ golf balls. Laminar vs Turbulent layer
From Efluids website

5. Lift Magnus effect Fluid Higher velocity Lower velocity
Force due to pressure difference
= Lift

6. Swing B
spin
Station A

7. OutSwing
Seam - trip flow
spin- stability

8. Reverse Swing

9. Vortices Boundary layer adhesion by suction
Boundary layer adhesion by adding high momentum fluid