1. Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model 
Kai Hong Wu, MD, PhD, Bin Zhou, PhD, Cun Tao Yu, MD, Bin Cui, MD, Shi Hong Lu, BS, Zhong Chao Han, MD, PhD, Ying Long Liu, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 83, Issue 4, Pages (April 2007)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A, B) Morphology of primary and subcultured umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cells. (C, D) Von Kossa and Oil-red O staining of the UCDS cells after osteogenic and adipogenic induction. (E) Flow cytometry results of UCDS cells. Cells were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD166 and MHC- I, but not CD31, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD106, and MHC- II. (FITC = isothiocyanate; PE = phycoerythrin.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Echocardiography results. There was no significant difference in baseline values between the two groups. (A) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased in the cell transplantation group; the difference between the two groups was of statistical significance. (B) Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDs) and (C) left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) were significantly smaller in the umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cell group than in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group (p < 0.05, respectively). (D) The left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) was also better in UCDS-cell–treated hearts but not in PBS controls, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05) during 4 weeks (w) of follow-up.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
(A, B) The left anterior descending ligation led to a transmural infarction in the anterior wall of all examined rats, and fibrous scar tissue developed in the infarction area (black arrows). (C) Carbocyanine 1,1’-dioctadecyl-1-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-DiI) labeled umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cells were detected in islands within the infarct region. (D) Nuclei staining using 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) of the same slide. (E) Transplanted UCDS cells (red) scattered in the network of murine capillaries stained with bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I (green). (F) Some UCDS cells (red) localized in the perivascular area (large vessels or arterioles; white arrow) stained with smooth muscle actin (green). Each figure represents 8 slides in each infarcted myocardium.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Differentiation of transplanted umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cells. (A) Myocardium was stained with anti–cardiac troponin T. (B) Carbocyanine 1,1’-dioctadecyl-1-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-DiI)–labeled transplanted UCDS cells. (C) The same slide stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (D) A merge of them showed the UCDS cells were positively stained with troponin T (white arrow). (E) Representative confocal micrographs of endothelial differentiation: red represents transplanted UCDS cells, green represents the slide positively stained with anti–von Willebrand factor. The arrows show some UCDS cells express von Willebrand factor. (F) Representative confocal micrographs of smooth muscle differentiation: red represents transplanted UCDS cells, green represents positively stained with anti-α-smooth muscle actin. The arrows indicate some UCDS cells express smooth muscle actin. Bar scale = 20 μm.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
(A) Representative confocal micrographs of murine capillaries stained with bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I (A-a). The same slide stained with anti-α-sarcomeric actin (A-b) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (A-c), and merged (A-d). (B) Capillary density was significantly higher in cell-treated animals. (PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; UCDS = umbilical cord derived stem cells). (C) Representative confocal micrographs of arterioles stained with anti-α-smooth muscle actin (C-a), anti-α-sarcomere actin in red (C-b), DAPI nuclear staining shown in blue (C-c), and merged (C-d). (D) Numbers of arteriole vessels (< 40 μm and > 40 μm in diameter) were markedly increased in UCDS cell transplanted myocardium.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and apoptosis inhibition induced by umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cells. (A) Carbocyanine 1,1’-dioctadecyl-1-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-DiI)–labeled UCDS cells. (B) Vascular endothelial growth factor stained with isothiocyanate. (C) 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stained nuclei blue. (D) The merged figure indicated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by transplanted cells in vivo (white arrows). Representative slides stained with antibodies against α-sarcomeric actin (E), TUNEL-positive cells (F), and DAPI staining (G) demonstrated cardiomyocytes apoptosis in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)–injected heart tissue. (H) Terminal-deoxynucleotidytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays identified fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes in UCDS-cell–treated hearts compared with those receiving PBS. Normal heart tissue without coronary artery ligation served as negative control.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions