2. Three Sections of the Cell
Cell = Basic unit of life
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce
3 main sections
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Plasma Membrane

3. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Continuously in motion
Most organelles float within
Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place

4. Plasma Membrane Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
Composition: Lipids & proteins
Semi-Permeable: only some materials may enter and exit
Through pores and protein channels
Many materials enter/exit as a result of diffusion
Plasma
Membrane

5. Nucleus Job: Controls cell activity Where DNA is made & stored
DNA holds info to make proteins
Surrounded by Nuclear Envelope
Inside:
1) Chromatin: long strands of DNA
2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
Nucleus

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Aka: ER
Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins
Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

7. Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough ER
Some attached to ER… some free-floating
Transported by the rough ER
Job: make proteins

8. Golgi Apparatus Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell
Process Review
1) Genes hold instructions for making proteins
2) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

9. Golgi Body in action

10. Mitochondria Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell
Job: Create ATP (the energy used by cells) in a process called cellular respiration
Why more abundant in muscle cells?
Endosymbiosis theory: Once free living

11. Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes
Functions:
1) Break down food
2) Kill bacteria
3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

12. Cilia & Flagella
Made of protein
Used in locomotion
Cilia = short hair like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

13. That one magical night!

15. Vacuole Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Job: add support
Swells & shrinks with H2O supply
Plant cells: Large central vacuole (as pictured)
Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

17. Cell Wall Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
Job: Adds support to growing plants
Made of tough cellulose
Hard to digest
Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665

18. Chloroplast Job: Perform photosynthesis (plants)
CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2
Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar)
Endosymbiosis: Once free-living

19. Quick Review Different cells have many similar parts
Tiny parts are called “organelles”
Each organelle has a separate function