1. Judicial Review is established.
Marbury vs. Madison
Judicial Review is established.

2. Adams appoints new judges…
John Adams signs appointments on his last night in office.
Thomas Jefferson is to take over as President.
What political party do you think the judges Adams appointed belonged to? Why did he do this?

3. “midnight judges”- what these new judges were referred to as.
William Marbury was one of these “midnight judges.”

4. When does Madison come into play?
James Madison, TJs new Secretary of State, was supposed to officially present Marbury with his new position…
But he didn’t!
So… Marbury sued and appealed to the Supreme Court to get Madison to award him the position…

5. The Verdict. Supreme Court refuses to grant Marbury his position!!
Why?
A section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 (which set up the federal court system in the first place) was unconstitutional and void.

6. Lasting Impact…
This is the first time the Supreme Court overturns an act of Congress.
Checks & balances in action!
Judicial Review- Supreme Court’s ability to declare a law or act unconstitutional