1. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 1 (30%)
Question 1 (30% of this paper)
Explain, in your own words, what we mean by dialect in this course. In your answer you should show the difference between dialect and language, and explain as many of the following points as you can: isoglosses, linguistic variables, geographical and social accents, dialect continua, fuzzy dialectal boundaries, prestige accents, standard and non-standard varieties.

3. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 1 (30%)
A gives 1 mark; B gives ½ mark; C gives zero
Average 6.2, ranging from 3 to 9.5
Adjusted so that the lowest gave grade 5.5, the highest grade 9.5

4. Mid-term Paper 1009 Question 2 (30%)
1 mark for correct variable
1 mark for correctly stated no variables
only first 50 words counted
repetitions of same word ignored if zero

5. Rhoticity / R-Dropping
“The r is not voiced in this word.”
front, fury

6. H-Dropping for eyes he had two bright saphires
he had already asked this querstion

7. H-Dropping sure of his opinion in his career they would have done it
they had had a night of
that he’s had a great oportunity
H-dropping in ‘night’ ????

8. BATH-TRAP Split TRAP-BATH-PALM Only BATH words show the split.
TRAP: at, that, back, attack, gas, cash, sand, actually, fat
PALM: father, calm, Shah
BATH: pass, path, dance, disaster, fast

9. How do I find out whether a word is in the BATH set or not?
father
black
blæk
attract
mask
pant
grant

10. brother allotment company butter contact
How do I find out whether a word is in the STRUT set or not?
brother
allotment
company
butter
contact

11. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%)
For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course.
Rhoticity / R-Dropping
H-Dropping
FOOT-STRUT Split

12. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%)
For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course.
NG-Coalescence
Long Mid Diphthonging
(FACE Diphthonging)

13. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3a (10%)
For each of the five variables mentioned above, give the variable name we have been using in this course.
Rhoticity or R-Dropping

14. Mid-term Paper 2009 Question 3b (30%)
Do isoglosses follow county boundaries?

17. Scotland
Northeast
North
West Central
East Central
Wales
Southeast
Western SW
Eastern SW

18. Scotland
N. Ireland
(Ulster)
Northeast
S. Ireland
(Eire)
North
West Central
East Central
Wales
Southeast
Western SW
Eastern SW

20. R-Dropping +r -r +r

21. R-Dropping +r +r -r +r

22. -r -r -r

23. R-Dropping +r -r +r

24. H-Dropping +h -h

25. FOOT-STRUT Split

26. NG Coalescence

27. FACE Diphthonging

28. FACE Diphthonging

31. - + 1 Scotland 3/2 2 The Northeast 3 The North 2/3 4 Wales 1/4
R-Dropp
H-Drop
FOOT-STRUT Split
NG-Co-alescence
FACE-
Diph-th.
old vs
new
1 Scotland - +
3/2
2 The Northeast
3 The North
2/3
4 Wales
1/4
5 West Central
6 East Central
7 Western SW
8 Eastern SW
9 The Southeast
0/5

32. Scotland
Northeast
North
West Central
East Central
Wales
Southeast
Western SW
Eastern SW

33. Scotland
N. Ireland
(Ulster)
Northeast
S. Ireland
(Eire)
North
West Central
East Central
Wales
Southeast
Western SW
Eastern SW

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