1. Ergogenic Aids
Any substance (or food) that is believed to enhance one’s performance above normal standards.
The IOC definition: “The administration or use of substances in any form alien to the body or of physiological substances in abnormal amounts and with abnormal methods by health persons with the exclusive aim of attaining an artificial and unfair increase in performance in sports.”

2. The use of these substances and practices is controversial
The use of these substances and practices is controversial. There is great concern about the number of athletes engaging in the use of ergogenic aids.
Drug testing has been instituted in many sporting programs in order to help curtail the use of these substances.
Because of ethical violations associated with the inequities that result in competition and health problems that can result, use of these substances cannot be condoned!

3. Mechanical Aids Altitude Training
Aqua (water) Training
Heart Rate Monitors
Computers - analyze VO2 max, technique, test results etc.
Video recorders - analyze technique
Tire towing - develop strength
Weights - develop strength
Hypoxic Tents - altitude training
Nasal Strips
Parachutes - develop strength
Sports clothing, footwear and equipment
Timing equipment
Vibration Training
Elastic cord (pulling)- develop speed
Elastic cord (restraining) - develop strength
Downhill running (3° to 5° slope) - develop speed
Uphill running (5° to 10° slope) - develop strength
Treadmills
Weighted vests (5% to 8% of body weight) - develop strength
Compression garments

4. Pharmacological Aids Amphetamine Androstenedione Anabolic Steroid
Beta Blocker
Creatine Monohydrate
Caffeine
Choline
Carnitine
Chromium
Clenbuterol
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Gamma hydroxybutyric acid - GHB
Hydroxymethylbutyrate - HMB
Magnesium
Phosphatidylserine
Protein Supplements
Sodium Bicarbonate
Vanadyl Sulphate

5. Physiological Aids Acupuncture Altitude Training Blood Doping Creatine
Colostrum
EPO
Herbal Medicines
Homeopathy
Human growth hormone
Physiotherapy
Sports Massage
Sauna
Ultra-violet rays

6. Nutritional Aids Beetroot Juice (Nitrate) Bicarbonate of Soda
Carbohydrate Loading
Caffeine
Creatine
Sports Drinks

7. Psychological Aids Centering Cheering Hypnosis Imagery Meditation
Music
Psychology
Relaxation
T'ai Chi

8. Ephedra

9. Caffeine

10. Narcotics

11. Beta Blockers

12. Diuretics

13. Anabolic Steroids

14. Human Growth Hormone

15. Erythropoietin (EPO)

16. Blood Doping

17. Local Anasthetics

18. Creatine

19. Preventing Drug Use In Sport
The goal of sporting organizations is to protect the health of athletes and to help ensure that competition is fair and equitable.
Sports programs should have full-service programs that provide substance abuse education, counseling, and drug-detection.
Drug testing should be performed periodically in a random manner.

20. Athletes, parents, coaches, athletic trainers, physicians, and administrators must be educated about the dangers of drug abuse and the fact that it has no place in sports participation and recreation.
Above all, a sports program must adopt the philosophy that “winning at all costs” is wrong.
It is essential for athletes to believe that if they do their very best and adhere to the rules of the sport, they will be doing exactly what is expected of them.