1. ESD Procedures for the Electronics Industry
Three areas of focus:
• Personnel
• Work Stations
• Work Areas
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2. ESD Background
Over time technological advances have allowed us to miniaturize electronics which has yielded smaller electronics hardware with increased functionality and reduced weight.
This miniaturization comes with a heightened responsibility for protecting the hardware from potential ESD damage.
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3. Typical Electrostatic Voltages vs. Relative Humidity
Means of Static Generation
10 to 30 % RH
30 to 70%
70 to 90%
Walking across a carpet
35,000 volts
7,500 volts
1,500 volts
Walking over vinyl floor
12,000 volts
3,000 volts
250 volts
Worker at bench
6,000 volts
400 volts
100 volts
Vinyl envelopes for work instructions
7,000 volts
600 volts
Common poly bag picked up from bench
20,000 volts
6,500 volts
1,200 volts
Work chair padded with polyurethane foam
18,000 volts
5,000 volts
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4. ESD Background
“Whereas an individual can “feel” static (as in touching a doorknob) at about 3,500 volts, and actually “see” it as a momentary spark at about 5,000 volts, some microelectronic parts can be damaged or destroyed by a jolt of considerably less than 100 volts.” *
* Phil Kohlhaas, Static Control Systems Div., 3M, St. Paul Minn , ELECTRONICS, August 1984
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5. How Static is Generated
• Contact & Separation
• Walking
• Peeling
• Rubbing
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6. Static Control can: • Improve product Reliability
• Improve product Quality
• Reduce Failures
•Reduce Down-time
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7. Impact of Ignoring ESD Higher cost for manufacturer and user.
Lower product quality.
Unhappy customers, especially if part or assembly fails at a critical time.
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8. ESD Failure Modes •Catastrophic Failures •Degraded Performance
1) Shortened Life Span
2) Shift in Performance
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9. Treat the Components or Assembly as if it is Static Sensitive!
Not Sure?
Treat the Components or Assembly
as if it is Static Sensitive!
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10. Definitions ESD: ESDS: ESD Sensitive parts/assemblies
ElectroStatic Discharge
A transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
Lightning: a mega ESD event
ESDS: ESD Sensitive parts/assemblies
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11. Personnel Requirements
Must be ground at all times while handling sensitive parts
i.e. wrist strap while at workstation or
heel straps in conjunction with static controlled flooring
Anti-static shop clothing, anti-static nylon or some other approved materiel must be worn by personnel in ESDS protected areas.
i.e. the cleanroom
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12. Proper technique
Right
Wrong!!!
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13. Work Station Requirements
Work Stations must be connected to an earth ground.
Must keep static generating items one meter away from ESDS hardware.
i.e. paper, most plastics, personal effects, CRT’s, test equipment etc.
Work surface must be of a static dissipative material.
Personnel will perform operations with ESDS items on a special grounded workbench which includes a grounded wrist strap for the person.
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14. Work Area Requirements
Where applicable ESDS protected areas shall extend a minimum of one meter from the periphery of the ESDS work area (i.e. work surface or other area where ESDS parts or assemblies are processed.
When transporting ESDS hardware outside of ESDS Work Area, it must be protected in suitable container.
All uncoupled connectors shall have snug fitting dust caps (metal or conductive non-metal) installed or be suitably protected.
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15. Summary Personnel must be grounded when processing ESD hardware.
Hardware must be protected from ESD until it can be processed in an approved ESD work area.
Work areas must be clear of static producing materials
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16. 4 Rules for Static Control
Rule 1: Handle Static Sensitive Components
at a Static Control Work Area.
Wrist Straps
Table Mats
Floor Mats and Shoe Straps
Ionizers
To remove static from personnel- use constant monitors
To remove static from conductive objects on the table top
To remove static from personnel as they approach the workbench
To remove static from plastic, paper, styrofoam, clothing and other
Non-conductors which cannot be grounded
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17. 4 Rules for Static Control
Rule 2: Transport and Store Static Sensitive
Components and Assemblies in a
Static Shielding Container
Static Shielding Bags- closed and sealed
Conductive Tote Boxes- with covers
Conductive Containers- LRU’s with conductive caps
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18. 4 Rules for Static Control
Rule 3: Make Certain that your Suppliers
Follow Rule 1 & Rule 2.
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19. 4 Rules for Static Control
Rule 4: Monitor and Maintain your
Static Control Process.
Test the Static Control Materials
Document your Process
Train your Personnel
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20. Evaluation Why do we have ESD controls? What ESD controls do we use?
Name:__________Date:_____
Why do we have ESD controls?
What ESD controls do we use?
How do you identify ESD areas?
What do you do if you are unsure if material requires ESD controls?
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Pass / Fail