1. Implementation of the IPPCD – Data on ELV and BAT
DG ENV, Brussel, 7 December 2010

2. Outline Introduction Large combustion plants
General information
Emission sources to air
Emission sources to water
Chlor-alkali manufacturing
General considerations

3. Introduction Focus on two IPPC activities:
“Provide available representative data on the limit values and environmental performance laid down by a specific category of activities […] and, if apropriate, the best available techniques from which those values are derived. Describe how these data have been chosen and collected.”
“[…] The reported data (on emission limit values and environmental performance) will be assessed to compare, as far as possible, the limit values set and the performance achieved. A comparison could then be done with the BAT-associated emission levels in BREFs.”
Focus on two IPPC activities:
Large combustion plants (LCP)
Chlor-alkali manufacturing

4. Introduction - LCP Scope of report Selection of installations:
Combustion activity
Producing electricity (including CHP)
Using solid or liquid fuels
Selection of installations:
Maximum of 6 installations per MS
Selection based on the emission inventories
3 capacity classes: 50 – 100 MWth – 300 MWth two top NOx emitters per class > 300 MWth
Emissions
To air
To water  from waste gas treatment

5. Large Combustion Plants
113 installations reported
Only 7 new installations
Covers 25 Member States
203 combustion plants/emission sources to air reported

6. 160 selected emission sources for further analysis
>300 MWth
100 – 300 MWth
50 – 100 MWth
Grand Total
Fuel
Existing
Changed
Total
New
biomass 4 1 5 7 12
biomass+liquid+gas
biomass+other 2
biomass+peat
coal/lignite 59 13 72 20 22 9
103
coal/lignite+biomass 3 8
coal/lignite+biomass +gas
coal/lignite+biomass +liquid
coal/lignite+biomass +liquid+other
coal/lignite+biomass +other
coal/lignite+gas
gas 10 16
liquid 21 37
liquid+gas
liquid+other
not specified
100 17
117 45 6 51 24 35
203
160 selected emission sources for further analysis
 covers 24 Member States

7. Large Combustion Plants
61% with capacity > 300 MWth
64% burning coal/lignite
160 emission sources to air
Only 8% burning biomass
79 plants use CHP

8. Large Combustion Plants – ELVs vs. BAT AELs
Averaging period:
BAT AEL
Only ± 20% of reported ELVs DAV
 All ELVs included
Reference oxygen content
 recalculated when different

12. Large Combustion Plants – ELVs vs. BAT AELs
ELVs reported for 50% of the emission sources
BAT AELs not as clearly defined as for other pollutants
Comparison with values mentioned: similar result as for other pollutants etc.
Mercury
ELVs reported for 19% of the emission sources
9 Member States reported ELVs
No BAT AELs mentioned in BREF for comparison

13. Large Combustion Plants – Actual emissions
Reference year for emissions: 2006, 2007 or 2008
Expressed as average of all measured values
Reference oxygen content  recalculated when different
Compared to
 ELVs (when reported)
 BAT AELs from the BREF LCP

17. Large Combustion Plants – BAT
End-of-pipe
SO2
NOx
End-of-pipe
Primary
Primary
Dust

18. Large Combustion Plants
57% with capacity > 300 MWth
Waste water emission sources with
from flue gas cleaning coal/lignite, liquid, biomass
91 emission sources to water
BAT AEL ~ emission levels
associated with BAT FGD (DAV)
Averaging periods

19. Nitrogen compounds (mg/L)
SS (mg/L)
Main fuel
Min of
ELV
Max of
upper
BAT AEL
Number of
ELV ≤ BAT AEL
reported ELVs
Number of ES with
emission ≤ ELV
emission ≤ BATAEL
Number of ES with reported
emissions
biomass
200
500 30 2
coal/lignite 10 80 6 24 11 8
coal/lignite+biomass 20 60 1
liquid
100 16
Grand Total 9 44 22 14
COD (mg/L)
Main fuel
Min of
ELV
Max of
Upper BAT AEL
Number of
ELV ≤ BAT AEL
reported ELVs
Number of ES with
emission ≤ ELV
emission ≤ BATAEL
Number of ES with reported emissions
biomass
500
150 1
coal/lignite 20 12 14 8 10
coal/lignite+biomass
liquid 75 5 2 4
Grand Total 17
Nitrogen compounds (mg/L)
Main fuel
Min of
ELV
Max of
BAT AEL
Number of
ELV ≤ BAT AEL
reported ELVs
Number of ES with
emission ≤ ELV
emission ≤ BATAEL
Number of ES with reported emissions
biomass 1 50 2
coal/lignite 55 9 10 3 5
coal/lignite+biomass
liquid 8
Grand Total 22 23 4 6 13
Sulphate (mg/L)
Main fuel
Min of
ELV
Max of
BAT AEL
Number of
ELV ≤ BAT AEL
reported ELVs
Number of ES with
emission ≤ ELV
emission ≤ BATAEL
Number of ES with reported emissions
biomass
1000
2000 1
coal/lignite
250 13 8 11
coal/lignite+biomass
liquid
2500 2
Grand Total 15 17 9 12

20. Large combustion plants - BAT
Emission prevention and abatement techniques
Reported for 24 plants

21. Introduction – Chlor-alkali
Scope of report
Chlor-alkali manufacturing installations
Different production processes, i.e.
Diaphragm cell process
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
Selection of installations
Maximum of 10 installations per MS
Priority to installations using
Mercury cell process
Emissions
To air
To water
Membrane cell process
Mercury cell process

22. Chlor-alkali manufacturing
61 installations reported  77 chlor-alkali production units
Only 2 new installations
Covers 18 member states
103 emission sources to air
65 emission sources to water

23. Chlor-alkali manufacturing
Asbestos diaphragm or mercury cell process
63% will convert to membrane cell process
Closure is reported for 16% of the production units
21% of the units reported ‘other’
64% of total capacity (55% of production units) converts by
An earlier conversion was reported for 19 installations
24 installations already closed mercury cell productions
Conversion or closure?

24. Chlor-alkali manufacturing – Emission to air
Chlorine
ELVs
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
Diaphragm cell process
Membrane cell process
Mercury cell process
ELV (mg/Nm³)
Number 1 2 5
0,1 10 6 15 11
1,5 3 4 20
Total 26 28
Chlorine actual emissions
mg/Nm³
Min
Max
Average
Number of reported emission values
Asbestos diaphragm cell process 1 2
Diaphragm cell process
0,95
Membrane cell process
0,012
0,389 6
Mercury cell process
0,26
2,704
0,813 9
Total 18

25. Chlor-alkali manufacturing – Emissions to air
Mercury ELVs
ELV in mg/Nm3
Number
ELV in g/ton
Membrane cell process
0,035 1
ELV ≤ 1,5
0,2 3
1,5 2
2,0
4,1
ELV > 2,0
Mercury cell process
0,002
ELV ≤ 0,5
0,003
0,5 <ELV ≤ 1,0 23
0,05 8
1,0 < ELV ≤ 1,5
0,1
1,5 < ELV ≤ 2,0 4
2,0 < ELV ≤ 3,0
ELV > 3,0
Mercury emissions
Min
Max
Average
Number
Membrane cell process
mg/Nm3
0,0064
0,057
0,0192 5
g/ton
0,0090
0,6900
0,3495 2
Mercury cell process
0,0003
0,100
0,0334 9
0,0004
0,6180
0,2542 19

26. Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water
Mercury ELVs
ELV in mg/l
Number
Diaphragm cell process
0,05 1
Membrane cell process
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,005 3
0,01
Mercury cell process
0,0005
0,007
0,03
0,04
0,1 2
0,2
0,5
0,6
Total 28
Mercury emissions mg/l
Min
Max
Average
Number
Membrane cell process
0,0001
0,0030
0,0010 7
Mercury cell process
0,1590
0,0251 11
Total 19

27. Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water
Chlorate ELVs
ELV in mg/l
Number
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
0,1 1
Membrane cell process
0,04
0,2 6
0,5
2,5
Mercury cell process
1,5 5
Total 15
Chlorate emissions mg/l
Min
Max
Average
Number
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
1,0000 1
Membrane cell process
0,0300
0,0330
0,0315 2
Mercury cell process
0,0100
0,1060
0,0580
Total 5

28. Chlor-alkali manufacturing - Emissions to water
AOX ELVs
ELV in mg/l
Number
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
0,5 1
Membrane cell process
0,3 2 5 30
Mercury cell process
0,05 3
3,5
Total 13
AOX emissions mg/l
Min
Max
Average
Number
Asbestos diaphragm cell process
1,280 1
Membrane cell process
0,010
0,850
0,309 5
Mercury cell process
0,228
1,510
0,946 3
Total 9

29. General considerations
Confusion about different concepts
Installation
Combustion plant
Emission source
Averaging periods
LCP emission sources to water
related to flue gas cleaning?