1. Correlation vs. Causation: The Case of Hyang-sook-2
Table.1
Political Liberalism by Urban-Rural Location
Political
Liberalism
Urban
Area
Rural
High
50%
28%
(200)
(140)
Low
72%
(360)
Total
100%
(400)
(500)

3. Education by Urban-Rural Location
Table.2
Education by Urban-Rural Location
Education
Urban
Area
Rural
High
75%
20%
(300)
(100)
Low
25%
80%
(400)
Total
100%
(500)

4. Political Liberalism by Education
Table.3
Political Liberalism by Education
Political Liberalism
High Education
Low Education
High
60%
20%
(240)
(100)
Low
40%
80%
(160)
(400)
Total
100%
(500)

7. Political Liberalism by Urban-Rural Location,
Table.4
Political Liberalism by Urban-Rural Location,
Controlling for Education (Spurious Relationship)
High Education
Low Education
Political
Liberalism
Urban
Area
Rural
High
60%
20%
(180)
(60)
(20)
(80)
Low
40%
80%
(120)
(40)
(320)
Total
100%
(300)
(100)
(400)

9. Political Liberalism by Urban-Rural Location,
Table.5
Political Liberalism by Urban-Rural Location,
Controlling for Education (Nonspurious Relationship)
High Education
Low Education
Political
Liberalism
Urban
Area
Rural
High
50%
28%
(50)
(35)
(150)
(105)
Low
72%
(90)
(270)
Total
100%
(100)
(125)
(300)
(375)