1. The Indian Removal Act of 1830

2. Judicial Review
The power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional.
It is up to the executive and legislative branches to respect the decisions made by the judicial branch

3. Civilized Tribes
Native American tribes that had adopted the culture of
white
Americans

4. Compact of 1802
Thomas Jefferson and Georgia signed an agreement that said that GA must cede its land to the US government, in exchange the US government would begin the removal of the Native Americans in their land

5. The Cherokee Response
Work to become a sovereign nation and then deal with the USA
Elected a president- John Ross
Modeled their government on that of the USA

6. Georgia’s Response Refuse to recognize the Cherokee Nation
Seize Cherokee land
1828- establish laws that strip Cherokee of their rights

7. 1828 Andrew Jackson runs for president
Jackson promises to remove the Cherokee if he is elected

8. 1830- The Indian Removal Act
The federal government would provide funds to remove the Native Americans from their land. Natives would be forced to travel 800 miles to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma

9. Cherokee Response Try to prevent Congress from passing the Act
Bring the case to the Supreme Court-
3/1832- Chief Justice John Marshall makes a decision: the laws of Georgia have no force in Cherokee lands. Marshall is declaring GA’s law null and void

10. Andrew Jackson’s Response-
“Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it!”

11. Treaty of Echota
John Ross went to Washington to try to get the law changed
John Ridge went to D.C. too- he had no authority
Ridge signed a treaty with the American government that said the Cherokee would exchange their eastern land for $5 million and land in Oklahoma. He was not representing the majority of the Cherokee- many were VERY UPSET. Jackson quickly sent the treaty to Congress and it was agreed that the Natives would have two years to leave peacefully and then they would be forced to move

12. 1838- the deadline for voluntary removal

13. Trail of Tears

14. An 800 mile journey

15. Land routes and water routes were taken

16. About 20,000 Cherokee went 1 in 4 Cherokee died