1. Anti-Slavery Colonizationalists Free Soilers Gradualists
Radical Abolitionists
Colonizationalists
Anti-Slavery
Free Soilers
Gradualists

2. Radical Abolitionists
Believed that slavery was immoral and should end immediately
Paid no concern to the economic or social consequences of abolition
extremists eventually gave up hope that the government would end slavery; some openly advocated violence and upheaval

3. Noted Leaders

4. Gradualists Believed that slavery was immoral
believed that immediate emancipation would create more problems than slavery itself
economic devastation of South
social upheaval
lack of education for slaves; what would they do?

5. Believed in emancipation spread out over a period of time
slave children could be freed first; or no new slaves allowed
set a final date by which all slaves would be freed
some suggested up to fifteen years

6. Noted leaders of this movement
Believed that slave owners should be compensated for their loss property
some government funding would be necessary
wealthy abolitionists would create a fund
Noted leaders of this movement
Theodore Weld: split with Garrison
Tappan Brothers: wealthy philanthropists

7. Believed that the government and politics played an important role in the fight for emancipation
The Liberty Party would run several candidates for president

8. Colonizationists Believed slavery was immoral
Believed there should be a gradual emancipation of slaves
Believed that slaves would be no better off if they were returned to their homeland in Africa

9. Government played a key role in assisting the founding of a colony in Africa = Liberia
Major problem: for the most part, free blacks and freed slaves did not want to return to Africa
Colonization efforts generally unsuccessful; about ten thousand people were resettled

10. Free Soilers Believed that slavery was immoral
Believed that the Constitution gave states the right to allow slavery
focused their opposition by dealing with the issue of the spreading of slavery into federal territories

11. Believed that this issue was an issue for the federal government to solve; ran several presidential candidates from the Free Soil Party
Movement becomes stronger in the 1850’s and becomes the foundation and central issue for the new Republican Party, created in 1854

12. Anti-Abolitionists Pro-Slavery Fire Eaters Doughfaces
Popular Sovereignty
Advocates
Pro-Slavery
Fire Eaters
Doughfaces

13. Popular Sovereignty Advocates
Did not evaluate slavery as a moral or immoral issue
Looked at individual slave owners as moral or immoral
Believed that the Constitution did give the states the right to allow slavery

14. On the issue of slavery in the federal territories, they believed that the people of the territory should decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery
Position mostly will apply to Northern Democrats
Leading advocate: Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois

15. Doughfaces
Northern politicians who sided with Southern interests, especially in the area of slavery
This made them appealing candidates on the national level
Best example: Franklin Pierce, Democrat from New Hampshire, elected president 1852

16. Anti-abolitionists
Took no significant position on the morality of slavery
Focused primarily on the economic and social implications of abolition
Common people of the North who were afraid of abolition

17. Fearful that freed slaves would all come up North and compete for jobs and work cheaper
many were immigrants new to America who needed to work
many simply disliked the idea of blacks and whites on the same social level

18. Often made the work abolitionists difficult
destroyed printing presses of abolitionist papers
disrupted meetings of abolitionist speakers
Elijah Lovejoy: abolitionist editor in Illinois was killed by a mob when he was trying to protect his printing presses

19. Fire Eaters Believed in the benefits of the slave system
Used every defense of slavery possible

20. Defenses of Slavery Biblical references to support slavery
Economic concerns of slavery’s
importance to Southern and national
economy
Blacks were inherently less intelligent;
would be unable to survive freedom
Slave owners were benevolent; slaves
were better off where they were