1. Muscular System Learning Objectives
To recap antagonist and agonist muscles.
To understand the muscles in the spine and their function.
To be able to use PEE in a longer answer question.

2. Test your knowledge! Joint Movement Agonist Antagonist Elbow Flexion
Shoulder
Horizontal extension
Abduction
Hip
Extension
Knee
Ankle
Dorsiflexion
Spine
Lateral flexion
Radio-ulnar
Pronation
Adduction
Wrist

3. Test your knowledge! Joint Movement Agonist Antagonist Elbow Flexion
Bicep brachii
Tricep brachii
Shoulder
Horizontal extension
Trapezius
Pectoralis major
Abduction
Deltoid (middle)
Latissimus dorsi
Hip
Extension
Gluteus maximum
Iliopsoas
Knee
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
Bicep femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
Ankle
Dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Spine
Lateral flexion
External and internal obliques
Radio-ulnar
Pronation
Pronator teres
Supinator
Adduction
Adductor longus, brevis & magnus
Gluteus medius & minimus
Wrist
Wrist extensors
Wrist flexors

4. Muscles of the spine
Core stability is essential for mechanical efficiency, injury prevention and rehabilitation from injury.
They provide a solid base for all other muscles to work upon and create movement.
Two core muscles in particular contract prior to any movement of the limbs to stabilise the lumbar spine.

5. Transverse abdominus
Connects the lumbar vertebrae and wraps around the trunk to meet at the front of the abdomen.
Provides stability to the spine.
Multifidus
Lays either side of the spine and connects to each lumbar vertebrae.
It contracts to extend the spine and is essential for good posture.

6. Developing core strength
Improves balance, posture and alignment.
Increases twisting strength.
Strength training will improve muscle tone.
The greater the core muscle tone, the greater the core stability and posture.
Minimises risk of injury and lower back pain.