1. Bathing water profiles in the Netherlands
A Dutch interpretation of the bathing water directive 2006/7/EG
Hans Ruiter
27 juni 2007

2. They have the profits !
27 juni 2007

3. Bathing water profile It’s the basis for: The right measures
27 juni 2007
It’s the basis for:
The right measures
Public information

4. Some statements to start with!
27 juni 2007
A bathing water profile is primary intended to gain understanding of the faecal sources and routes of pollutions
Secondary it is intended to gain understanding about other risks, like cyanobacteria
A profile is only good profile when it is useful for the responsible authority for water quality management

5. Water Framework Directive/ Bathing Water Directive
27 juni 2007
Ecological water quality and bathing water quality
influenced by different sources
only overlap of sources responsibel for proliferation of cyanobacteria

6. Road map for establishing a bathing water profile
27 juni 2007

7. A general description of the location
27 juni 2007
A general description of the location
Position (plan, map or photo)
Description of the beach
Boundaries of the bathing zone
Hydrolological situation
Sewerage plans
Potential sources
Circumstances that give problems
Other risks (cyanobacteria, swimmers itch)
Demarcation of the water system
Etc.

8. A location and surrounding area visit
27 juni 2007
A location and surrounding area visit
Preferable when visitors are present
Other facts are found like:
Missing adjustments on maps
Unknown sources of contamination

9. Trends in the pattern of exceedance by comparing data of:
27 juni 2007
Trends in the pattern of exceedance by
comparing data of:
Precipitation of rainfall
Temperature
Recreational pressure
Moment of occurrence of exceedances
Direction of the wind
Times of sampling
Etc.

10. On the basis of the free steps before a list can be drawn up of:
27 juni 2007
On the basis of the free steps before
a list can be drawn up of:
Potential sources
Routes of pollution
Pollution routes can be subdivided into:
Direct from humans/animals
Indirect, that for ex. originate from a different surface water

11. Potential sources and routes of pollution
27 juni 2007
Sewage treatment
Slaughterhouse or manure processing plants
Sewage overflow
Untreated discharges
Rainwater discharge
Run-off rainwater
Leaching of manure and manure run-off
Cattle in the meadows (if so, what kind of cattle)
Agricultural hinterland
Rivers, ditches, canals, etc.
Recreational boating and charter shipping
Inland shipping
Bathers
Birds colonies
Domestic animals on the beach
Fauna (animals living in the wild), rats, etc.

12. Often forgotten sources/routes
27 juni 2007
Road run-off
Bathers
Recreational and charter boating
Hinterland (agricultural, run-off rainwater, sewage overflows)

13. Contribution of a source towards faecal pollution ?
27 juni 2007
To measure the contribution of each source on every
location is;
A lot of work
Not always easy to do
Not necessary to do if the contribution is low
Solution !
The use of a characteristic value for each source to
estimate the contribution

14. Characteristic values to estimate the contribution of the source(s)
27 juni 2007
Some examples of characteristic values for E coli:
Effluent of a sewage plant 2*105 /litre
Untreated discharges 4*107 /litre
Road run-off 2*105 /litre
Recreational and charter boating 1*109 /discharge
Bathers 2*107 /visitor
(water)bird s 1*107 /water bird

15. A simple spreadsheet model is used to
27 juni 2007
A simple spreadsheet model is used to
estimate the influence that sources
may have. The answere can be:
1 No influence
A possible relevant influence
2 asks for more precise en validated
Information. Possible with:
Mathematical modelling
A monitoring programme
Etc.

16. For this stage are used: All data off the previous stages
27 juni 2007
For this stage are used:
All data off the previous stages
Results of the models
Monitoring results

17. Final bathing water profile makes it
27 juni 2007
Final bathing water profile makes it
possible for the water manager to:
estimate the sources of emission;
and the possible dispersion route by which these sources can influence the bathing water.

18. Evaluation action programme
27 juni 2007
This stage is for evaluation of:
If relevant sources are found
In case of uncertainty about the reliability of results
Depending on the source or route a
monitoring programme can be drawn up

19. Road map to estimate the risk on cyanobacteria for the bathing water profile
27 juni 2007

20. No serious risk next 5 years
27 juni 2007

21. No serious risk next 5 years
27 juni 2007

22. No serious risk next 5 years
27 juni 2007

23. A risk worth mentioning in the bathing water profile
27 juni 2007

24. A risk worth mentioning in the bathing water profile
27 juni 2007

25. A risk worth mentioning in the bathing water profile
27 juni 2007
Bases for measures;
to give information to the public
to reduce risk on toxic bloom of blue algae

26. Timely identification of health risk
27 juni 2007
Monitoring !

27. Some statements !
27 juni 2007
A bathing water profile is primary intended to gain understanding of the faecal sources and routes of pollutions
Secondary it is intended to gain understanding about other risks, like cyanobacteria
A profile is only good profile when it is useful for the responsible authority for water quality management

28. Bathing water directive ?? Bathing water profile ?? FWD !!!!
27 juni 2007
Bathing water directive ??
Bathing water profile ??
FWD !!!!