1. Obtaining the goals

2.  Identify realistic future use of all water bodies – drinking water, irrigation water, livestock watering, bathing, fishing, recipient for wastewater  Set corresponding requirements to quality (levels of constituents and charateristics such as temperature and pH)  Coordinate requirements to quality with flow variations (environmental flows)

3.  Monitor water quality and variations (daily, seasonal, annual)  Focus monitoring program on constituents which relate to the quality objectives  Interpretation of monitoring results  Revisit the WQ goals and objectives for reality checks in the light of the monitoring results  Make tentative assessments of corresponding pollution control requirements

4.  Point source discharges - quantity and quality of wastewater (variations, constituents, characteristics)  Monitor variations in the perspective of the flow of the recipient  Inventorise all point sources and their origin (e.g. urban wastewater, industrial wastewater)  Inventorise all non-point sources (e.g unsewered sanitation, agrochemicals, nutrients)  Estimate quantities of pollutants from non- point sources and variations over time

5.  Establish water flows and flow variations over time  Establish mass balances, dilution potential and assimulation capacity  Combine source information and recipient characteristics to estimate the need for pollution control under different scenario assumptions  Revisit WQ goals

6.  Sewage treatment – waste stabilization ponds, mechanical, biological, chemical treatment)  Separation of storm drainage system and wastewater system, changes in overflow conditions  Engineered wetlands, root-zone treatment  Recycling and cleaner technologies

7.  Scenarios for development  Future pollution sources and loads (point and non-point)  WQ scenarios  Technology application and load reductions  Simulation of future WQ situation  Management system adjustments (enabling environment, institutional roles, management tools)  Implementation, monitoring and evaluation