1. Sound Part I
What is sound?

2. What is sound you ask? Sound is a vibration, a vibration that you can hear.

3. When matter moves back and forth at a rapid rate, it is said to “vibrate,” like a ruler.

4. As these vibrations travel through matter, they cause a shift between the molecules. In some parts, they cause compression, and other places, rarefaction.

5. The compressions are regions of high pressure where the molecules are squeezed together.

6. Rarefaction is where there is the least amount of pressure in between the molecules.

7. As you look at this tuning fork vibrate, the heavy dark areas are where the molecules of air are being pushed together. The lighter areas are where they are spread apart.

8. This results are the vibrations traveling in waves
This results are the vibrations traveling in waves. Sound waves are quickly moving areas of high and low pressure.

9. Compressions
Rarefactions
Sound waves result in the movement of energy through any form of matter.

10. Compressions
Rarefactions
The more dense the matter is, the faster the sound will travel.

11. Compressions
Rarefactions
Air is not dense; steel is very dense. Sound travels through air at a rate of 340 meters per second.

12. Sound Part II
How does sound change?

13. Next, we are going to take a look at the properties, or characteristics, of sound. We can’t physically see sound, but we can diagram it.

14. What are the parts of a wave?
Parts is Parts
What are the parts of a wave?

15. This is a typical wave diagram.

16. 1) crest
The crest of the wave is the peak, or the very top of the wave.

17. 2) trough
The trough of the wave is the very bottom, or the lowest point of the wave.

18. 3) wave height
The wave height refers to the distance from the middle bar to the crest.

19. 4) wave length
The wave length measures the distance between two crests.

20. … here come the BOOM!
How loud can it get?

21. Amplitude
The loudness of a sound is measured by the height of the wave. The taller the wave is, the louder the sound is.

22. Amplitude
Amplitude refers to how loud or quiet a sound is. Amplitude is measured in units called decibels (dB).

23. A B Can you tell which sound has the greatest amplitude?
That’s right! The answer is B!
Hello, boys and girls. I have a question for you.

24. B
If we were to chart sound B’s sound, it might look like the black line.

25. B A
Sound A would look more like the red line.

26. A B
Notice the difference in the height of the wave from the center line to the top of the line, or the crest of the wave.

27. What determines how high or low a sound is?
Buzz, buzz, buzz went the honeybee. Tweddley-dedelay-dee went the bird…
What determines how high or low a sound is?

28. Pitch
The distance from the crest of one wave to the next determines how high or low a sound is.

29. Pitch
This is called pitch and refers to how high or low a sound is.

30. Pitch
The longer the distance between the crests, the lower the sound will be, the shorter the higher.

31. Frequency
The distance between the waves is called frequency. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).

32. B A Can you tell me which sound has the highest pitch?
Correct again. Sound A is much higher in pitch the sound B.
Hello again. Did you miss me?

33. B
Again, if we were to map the sounds, sound B might look like this.

34. B A
But sound A might look something like this.

35. B A
Notice how much closer the crests of sound A are compared to sound B.

36. B A
With sound A, the wavelengths are much shorter; thus, the tone is much higher pitched. Sound A is 4000 Hz higher than sound B.

38. A B C D E Which sound is the loudest? Which sound is the quietest?
Which sound has the highest pitch?
Which sound has the lowest pitch?
…Sound C
Sound A
....Sound D
.....Sound E

39. Homework Have you picked an instrument yet?
Have you started to research your instrument yet?

41. Additional Images from
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42. Teacher Lecture Notes
This is a straight forward introduction to sound. Follow up this lesson with tuning forks. Allow students to explore with them after they have been instructed how to use them. Ask the question: How can you hear it best? (pointing the tines at your ear) How can you hear it the longest? (Placing the base of the fork on your skull) Can you hear through your elbow? (Place the base of the fork on the big bone in your elbow, while with the connected arm, place a finger in your ear.) Have fun!!! 

43. Usage Information
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