1. Extended Metaphor and the Gettysburg Address
Andrew C. Jackson
9 November, 2010
The day before, students should read and annotate and number the paragraphs for “The 150-Year War”, by Tony Horowitz. They should circle at least 5 words that they don’t know or don’t see used often.

2. The Civil War by Ken Burns
Released in 1990, it was a documentary that exceeded 10 hours and won multiple awards.
This clip, from the episode “The Universe of Battle”, shows some context of why Lincoln went to Gettysburg in November, 1863 to help to dedicate our first national cemetery.

3. The Civil War, cont. (map of Pickett’s charge on day 3)
Point out Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill on the center of the map. Lincoln will deliver his speech there later in the year.

4. The Civil War, cont.
There were still unfinished graves from July when Lincoln arrived in November.
It was primarily the citizens of Gettysburg who took care of the casualties.
Photographers of the era took many photos of the dead and they appeared in various newspapers of the day.
Note how the images in the video clip affect the meaning of Lincoln’s words.
8 minutes/30 minutes total

5. Reproduction of President Lincoln’s draft (page 1)
It has been reported that Lincoln wrote the address on the train to Gettysburg on an envelope, but this document suggests otherwise.

6. Reproduction of President Lincoln’s draft (page 2)
1 minute/31 minutes total.

7. The speech that the world will “little note”
I need a volunteer to read one paragraph of the speech aloud.
Take a minute to circle the most important word in the opening paragraph regarding the speech as a whole.
9 minutes/40 minutes total

8. Understanding the speech
Paragraph 1 (symbolizes the past)
What is a score? What does “four score and seven” total?
What year is he referring to?
What happened then?
2 minutes/42 minutes total

9. Understanding the speech, cont.
Paragraph 2 (symbolizes the events of 1863)
What just happened in July, 1863?
What is happening on the day that the speech is delivered?
2 minutes, 44 minutes total.

10. Understanding the speech, cont.
Paragraph 3 (symbolizes the future)
Why can the ground not be hallowed by us?
What is the irony in the line “the world will little note…”
What is our job as citizens?
What is he referring to with the “new birth of freedom?”
3 minutes/47 minute total

11. The most important word is…
Conceived

12. Conceived
Why?
It is connected to the concept of the “new birth of freedom”. Basically, Lincoln felt that we never really will be a country until we free the slaves (which even in the North was often a debatable topic).
2 minutes/49 minutes total

13. Extended metaphor
Defined as: – a metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
Lincoln is arguing that for the past 87 years, the country is essentially a fetus. The country will not be “born” until the precept “all men are created equal” applies to everybody.
This is a marked departure to his position about slavery while running for President in 1860.
2 minutes/51 minutes total.

14. Connection to Pericles and Ancient Greece
In “Pericles’ Funeral Oration” he explores many of the same themes that Lincoln did, especially:
Honoring the dead
The power of democracy
Soldiers cannot die in vain
The people will experience a rebirth.

15. Here endeth the Lesson Andrew C. Jackson November 9, 2010
Are there any questions?
Please turn in the type I and source summary #3. I won’t be here tomorrow because of the AP conference. My dad is coming in on Thursday to speak to our class for some part or the whole hour. SS #4 and 5 are not due until Friday.