1. Focus Which of the following is petroleum used in? Plastics
Fuel for machines
Insect Repellent
Soap

2. Focus
Uneven distribution of resources is caused by all of the following, except –
Renewable supplies
Conflict over control of resources
Imperialism
Uneven economic development

3. Resources & Economic Activities
World Geography SOL 9
Resources & Economic Activities

4. Resources are NOT equally distributed.
Economic activities are influenced by:
availability of resources
cultural values
economic philosophies
levels of supply
demand for goods & services.

5. Cultural Values Trade for what a country’s culture prizes
Ex: Importation of coffee in the USA; China imports soy from the USA

6. Economic Philosophies
How much power does the government have over trade?
Laissez-Faire : the economy will fix itself and the government should not get involved.
OR:
The gov’t needs to help break up monopolies and stop the economy from collapsing

7. No country has all the resources that it needs to survive & grow.
Nations participate in those economic activities compatible with their human, natural & capital resources.
International trade fosters interdependence.

8. Factors that influence economic activity
Access to human, natural & capital resources such as:
- skills of the work force
- natural resources
- new technologies
- transportation & communication networks
- investment capital

9. Skills of the work force
More skilled (& educated) workers mean more $
Developed countries have higher levels of education
This is why many countries moving towards being developed send their brightest to American universities

10. Natural Resources Efficiently using resources helps countries develop
Some countries are rich in resources but poor in wealth
This can be due to exploitation from other countries (i.e. imperialism)

11. Transportation & communication networks
Movement affects the ability to trade
Includes access to water routes, airplanes, etc.

12. Investment capital Money placed into a company (Japan)
If a country has a lot of investment capital, it has a lot of options to do what it wants

13. Factors that influence economic activity (cont.)
Location & ability to exchange goods
Landlocked countries
Coastal & island countries
Proximity to shipping lanes
Access to communication networks

14. Landlocked countries Hard to trade with other countries
Less important today due to air and quick land travel

15. Which countries are landlocked?1 2 3 6 4 5

16. Where are these cities located?

17. Coastal and Island countries
Easy access to trade by water
Many major cities have access to a coast
Is this site or situation?

18. Proximity to shipping lanes
Close to trade routes
Is this site or situation?

19. Access to communication networks
Communicate what to trade

20. Check Based on the graphic, which is correct?
They all have access to similar resources
They have similar access to technology
Coastal countries have limited access to resources
Landlocked countries have limited access to trade

21. Factors that influence economic activity (cont.)
Membership in political & economic alliances that provide access to markets
European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

22. Some countries’ use of resources
Japan: Highly industrialized nation despite limited natural resources
Asia

23. Some countries’ use of resources (cont.)
United States: diversified economy, abundant natural resources, specialized industries
North America

24. Some countries’ use of resources (cont.)
Russia: numerous resources, many of which are not economically profitable to develop
Eurasia

25. Some countries’ use of resources (cont.)
Cote d’Ivoire: limited natural resources; cash crops exchanged for manufactured goods (developing)
Africa

26. Some countries’ use of resources (cont.)
Switzerland: Limited natural resources, production of services on a global scale
Banks
Europe

27. Reasons why countries engage in trade
To import goods & services that they need
To export goods & services that they can market for profit

28. Effects of comparative advantage on international trade
Enables nations to produce goods & services that they can market for profit
Influences development of industries (e.g. steel, aircraft, automobile, clothing)
Supports specialization & efficient use of human resources
Exchange of goods and services (GDP)

29. Check What can be inferred from the chart?
The US economy depends on imports
The US economy is based on agriculture
The US economy is based on manufacturing
The US economy is diverse

30. Economic, social, & therefore, spatial relationships change over time.
Improvements in transportation & communication have promoted globalization.

31. Changes over time
Industrial labor system (e.g. cottage industry, factory, office, telecommunications)
Migration from rural to urban areas (urbanization)
Developed/Industrialized countries export labor intensive work to developing nations
Growth of trade alliances
Growth of service (tertiary) industries
Growth of financial services networks and international banks

32. Check
Which economic activity is the best example of a cottage industry that has declined due to industrialization?
Weaving
Deep-Sea fishing
Dairy Farming
Teaching

33. Changes over time (cont.)
Internationalization of product assembly (e.g. vehicles, electronic equipment)
Technology that allows instant communication among people in different countries
Modern transportation networks that allow rapid & efficient exchange of goods & materials (e.g. Federal Express, United Parcel Service, US Postal Service)
Widespread marketing of products (e.g. Fuji film, Nike, United Colors of Benetton)

34. As a global society, the world is increasingly interdependent.
Economic interdependence fosters the formation of economic unions.
Economic interdependence can be depicted through trade, resource or transportation maps.

35. Examples of Economic Unions
EU: European Union
NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

36. Economic Unions
European Union – established after World War II and made up of 20 European countries; created to reduce trade barriers and promote cooperation
North American Free Trade Agreement – created in 1960 that reduced trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, and the US.

37. Economic Unions
Association of South East Asian Nations – established in 1976 to reduce trade barriers between member countries in SE Asia.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries – created in 1960; dedicated to the policy of controlling the production and sale of oil among member countries.

38. Advantages of Economic Unions
More efficient industries
Access to larger markets
Access to natural, human & capital resources without restrictions
Greater influence on world market

39. More efficient industries
Because they are in cooperation with each other and have better access to trade

40. Access to larger markets
Because they are working together

41. To natural, human, & capital resources
Without competition from other members

42. Greater influence on the world market
Because they are more powerful in groups than trying to trade separately

43. Disadvantages of Economic Unions
Closing of some industries
Concentration of some industries in certain countries, leaving peripheral areas behind
Agribusiness replacing family farms
Difficulty in agreeing on common economic policies

44. Disadvantages
Economic unions can concentrate some industries in certain countries, leaving peripheral (outside) countries behind

45. Disadvantages
Large agricultural companies called agribusinesses replace family farms

46. Disadvantages
Difficulty in agreeing on common economic policies, like setting prices, etc.

47. Economic Unions of the World
Key
European Union
NAFTA
ASEAN
OPEC

48. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Economic Unions?
Creation of more efficient industries
Replacement of family farms with agribusinesses
More of an influence on the world market
Have greater access to resources with fewer trade restrictions

49. Check
One of the factors that contributed to Japan’s industrial growth during much of the 20th century was that it benefited from having –
Supplies of fossil fuels
Deposits of iron ore
Areas of fertile farmland
Sources of investment capital

50. Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand are some of the most developed countries in their region. Which economic union promoted their success?
NAFTA
ASEAN
OPEC EU

51. Which is not an economic union?
NAFTA
NATO
ASEAN
OPEC

52. Which of the following is NOT a modern transportation network?
Federal Express
United Parcel Service
United States Postal Service
World Wide Web

53. A recent news story stated that Japanese car company is expected to build five auto factories in the US. What does this trend indicate?
Widespread marketing of products
Internationalization of product assembly
Modern transportation networks allow rapid and efficient exchange of goods and services
Industrialized countries export labor-intensive work to developing nations

54. Decreased growth of trade alliances
Decreased internationalization of product assembly
Increased migration to rural areas
Promoted an increase in globalization

55. Which example best demonstrates the internationalization of product assembly?
Vehicles
Commercial fishing
Financial services
Textiles

56. Which of the following has NOT been a result of improvements in transportation and communication promoting globalization?
Widespread marketing of products
Resulted in a lack of cottage industry growth
Rapid and efficient exchange of goods and materials
Technology that allows instant communication among people in different countries

57. How do spatial patterns reflect economic and social change over time?
People move in order to gain access to freedom. This movement is reflected in vast immigration practices.
College education determine spatial patterns within a country.
People emigrate and immigrate in search of a better quality of life and standard of living.
Children choose to move away from home as a result of conflicts within the family.

58. Moodle Go to the World Geography Moodle Page
Go to SOL 9 (it is highlighted blue)
Work on the “Economic Geography Review”
This is your review for next class’ test on unit 5. Make sure to see the correct answers and to complete the quiz multiple times, including at home.

59. Economic Unions of the World
Key
European Union
NAFTA
ASEAN
OPEC