1. Persistence of Mammary Artery Branches and Blood Supply to the Left Anterior Descending Artery 
Raffaele Luise, MD, Giovanni Teodori, MD, Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD, Erminio D’Annunzio, MD, Leonardo Paloscia, MD, Antonio Barsotti, MD, Sabina Gallina, MD, Marco Contini, MD, Giuseppe Vitolla, MD, Antonio M Calafiore, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 6, Pages (June 1997)
DOI: /S (97)

2. Fig. 1
Left lateral projection. Partially harvested left internal mammary artery anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

3. Fig. 2
Phasic blood flow velocity of the proximal left internal mammary artery anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery. (A) Group A: a systolic-to-diastolic pattern is present; average peak velocity 28 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 0.9. (B) Group B: the flow pattern still shows a systolic prevalence; average peak velocity 28 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 0.7. (S = systolic; D = diastolic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

4. Fig. 3
Phasic blood flow velocity of the distal left internal mammary artery anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery. (A) Group A: the diastolic flow velocity is prevalent; average peak velocity 27 cm/s; diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 1.6. (B) Group B: the probe is positioned after the last collateral and before the distal anastomosis. A diastolic-to-systolic pattern is still present; average peak velocity 27 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 1.0. (S = systolic; D = diastolic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

5. Fig. 4
Group B: the probe is positioned just before the distal anastomosis. The flow pattern is mainly diastolic; average peak velocity 25 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 1.9. (S = systolic; D = diastolic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )

6. Fig. 5
Phasic blood flow velocity after adenosine hyperemia induction. The probe is positioned as in Fig. 3. (A) Group A (same patient as in Fig. 3): average peak velocity 84 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 1.8; average peak velocity ratio before and after adenosine injection 3.0. (B) Group B (same patient as in Fig. 3): average peak velocity 75 cm/s, diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio 1.9; average peak velocity ratio before and after adenosine injection 2.8. (S = systolic; D = diastolic.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )