1. United States History
Chapter # 7

2. George Washington President John Adams—Vice President
Some wanted to call him: His Excellency, His Highness
This embarrassed Washington

3. Political Parties Federalist v. Jeffersonian (Anti-Federalists)
Both parties agreed that the United States would become a great commercial power
Did not agree how this would happen
Federalists wanted US to rapidly seek this role
W/ strong leaders – frightened the Anti-Federalists
Groups often criticized each other

4. Cabinet Congress established positions
Some wanted to not allow president to dismiss a cabinet member without approval –Senate
This effort was not successful
Department of:
War- Henry Knox
State- Thomas Jefferson
Treasury – Alexander Hamilton

5. Federal Court Judiciary Act of 1789 Created Supreme Court
Chief Justice—John Jay
5 associates
Created 13 district courts

6. Hamilton’s Plan
Hamilton – wanted to find a way to reduce the nations debt
Wanted to pay debt—full value
Those owed could get new certificates with moderate interest
Federal government to pay debt
Reduced a state’s ability to shape the economy

7. United States Bank Hamilton wanted the United States to create a bank
Funded in part by federal government
Financial security tied directly to the strength of the bank
Depository for US
Issued currency – money would maintain value
Madison and others challenged this

8. Necessary and Proper Clause
Also called the Elastic Clause
These implied powers of the government to handle the growing needs of the nation

9. Foreign Affairs Washington's 2nd term
Parties aligned with France or England
England – strongest navy
Kept troops in the Northwest Territories
75% imports came from Great Britain / but barred Americans trade with West Indies

10. French Revolution
Louis XVI called the Estates General – led to revolution – King killed
Neutrality
Both nations challenged American trade and interest with each other
English ships - impressed

11. Jay’s Treaty John Jay went to England
England agreed to abandon outposts in Northwest Territories
Americans ships allowed to trade –West Indies
Would not promise:
Impress soldiers
Repay Americans for products seized
Treaty would push Federalists and Anti-Federalists further apart

12. Indian Problems Americans continued to force Indians west
They will continue to be the losers
Spain incited Indians
Spain closed Mississippi

13. Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in western Pennsylvania protested tax on whiskey
Washington and Federalists looked at this as a challenge to government
Washington sent 15,000 troops
The rebels disappeared

14. Two rebels were eventually arrested
Both men later pardoned
People in the frontier resented the government action
Federalists lost support
Event did show that the new government did have the power to raise an army / protect itself

17. Washington’s Farewell Address
September 1796
Warned against political parties
Avoid making permanent alliances with other nations

18. John Adams 2nd president – Federalist
Thomas Jefferson – Anti-Federalist – VP
Adams took over an administration – Washington supporters
Unsure if he could work with Jefferson

19. XYZ Affair Relations between France and America were strained
1797 French ships seized American ships
This was known as – Quasi-War (no declaration of war)
Adams sent a delegation to France

20. Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry
The French leaders refused to meet with them
A French intermediary – demanded huge bribes - $250,000
In addition, the French government wanted another million
They refused to pay and returned to USA
Congress referred to the French persons as XYZ
Federalist wanted war

21. Federalists strongly felt that Adams would want a declaration of war
Starting pushing for: new fighting ships, larger army
Federalists also looked at opposition in this country as traitorous
The army was created and George Washington took control
Navy department created
No declaration of war

22. Alien and Sedition Act
Law that made it illegal for Anti-Federalists to criticize the Federalist government
President could detain or deport people from any nation the USA was at war with
Expel any foreigner
14-year period to become a citizen

23. Designed to keep immigrants (Irish) from the polls
People in the country soon witnessed the results
People who criticized Adams were arrested and jailed
Federal courts became tools to control the Anti-federalists (Democratic-Republican)

24. Resistance
People throughout the country were upset with the Federalist
Some states talked about secession
Some wanted armed resistance
Anti-Federalists wanted Americans to know that they had an alternative to a Federalist-controlled government

26. Adam’s Finest Hour France now wanted to negotiate with America
Federalists still wanted war
William Murray appointed as representative to France
Napoleon – France and USA make treaty – Convention of Morfontaine
America and France avoided war

27. Election of 1800 Jefferson and Burr tied—73 votes
House selected Jefferson
12th Amendment would change this process (1804)
During his final day as president—Adams appointed as many Federalists to judge positions as possible
“Midnight Judges”

28. Democratic-Republicans
Now in power
Alien Sedition Act – no longer enforced
People in America sent a message to Federalists
People did not think Federalists supported the needs of the people

29. THE
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