1. Energy Production
SNC1D

2. Fossil Fuels
- Oil
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Coal

3. Coal
What do you know about coal (Pros/Cons as an energy source) ?

4. Coal Pros Large domestic reserves Extremely cheap (initial cost)
Can ramp up energy production quickly to meet peak demand

5. Coal Cons Extremely dirty Large emitter of CO2 and NOx emissions
Environmentally damaging
Acid rain

6. Coal/Fossil Fuel Energy Production
How exactly do we produce energy from coal (and fossil fuels in general)?

7. Oil and Gas

8. Oil and Gas Pros Cleaner than coal Affordable for the time being
Infrastructure already in place

9. Oil and Gas Cons Oil and Gasoline are largely imported
Socio-Political Consequences
Prices fluctuate greatly
Large contributors of greenhouse emissions
Production reaching a peak?

10. Peak Oil?
For any geographic region, oil production will follow a bell-shaped curve
M.K Hubbert

11. Hydroelectric

12. Hydroelectric Renewable energy source
Produces no greenhouse gas emissions
Canada has vast, untapped hydroelectric resources
How Hydroelectricity works

13. Hydroelectric
In most cases, must flood large swaths of land, destroying ecosystems and displacing large amounts of people

14. Three Gorges Dam – P.R China
$39 Billion U.S (180 billion yuan)
2.35km wide!
22,500 MW Energy Production
1.2 million people displaced

15. Nuclear Power

16. Nuclear Power Utilizes uranium as a fuel source
Can be either enriched or un-enriched, depending on reactor type
Canada, along with Australia have the largest reserves of uranium in the world!
Three Nuclear generating stations in Ontario alone – Bruce, Pickering and Darlington

17. How does it work? Fission
Controlled chain reaction involving collision between a neutron and uranium atom (Link)

18. Nuclear Power in Ontario

19. Issues? Uranium is non-renewable (especially without reprocessing)
Spent Fuel Storage
Some fission byproducts are highly radioactive for thousands of years
Accidents
Radioactive contamination
Meltdown

20. Past Accidents Three Mile Island (Pennsylvania, 1979)
Chernobyl (Ukrainian SSR, USSR, 1986)

21. Renewables

22. Renewables
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Tidal

23. Wind Resource intensive – iron and other raw materials
Intermittent energy production – require a storage medium

24. Solar
Sun radiates 10,000x more energy onto the earth than we use every day
The most common cost effective cells are only 8% efficient, however this is improving with every year
Size of Cells and thus amount of material used in their production and their cost is also decreasing with every year

25. Geothermal Obtains heat from the Earth
Heat used to generate electricity
Or used directly to heat houses

26. Biofuel
1st Generation
From food sources: vegetable oil, sugar cane, corn (ethanol)
Energy vs. Food
Ethanol – EROEI (Energy Return on Energy Invested) = ~1.34 (34%)
2nd Generation
Cellulose – byproduct of agricultural production:
switch grass, plant stock (LINK)

27. The Future?
Tidal
Hydrogen
Fusion

28. Global Energy Consumption Trends

29. Energy Consumption Per Capita
Why do you think Canada’s energy consumption per capita is so high,
even when compared to other western nations (Germany, France, etc)?
Do you find any of these values/figures unexpected?