1. Section 3: Prevention and Treatment of AKI
Kidney International Supplements 
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages (March 2012)
DOI: /kisup
Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 8
Conceptual model for development and clinical course of AKI. The concept of AKI includes both volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive conditions. These conditions are not mutually exclusive, and a given patient may progress from one to the other. Time runs along the x-axis, and the figure depicts a closing “therapeutic window” as injury evolves and kidney function worsens. Biomarkers of injury and function will begin to manifest as the condition worsens, but traditional markers of function (e.g., urea nitrogen and creatinine) will lag behind hypothetical “sensitive” markers of kidney injury. Mortality increases as kidney function declines. AKI, acute kidney injury.
Reproduced from Himmelfarb J, Joannidis M, Molitoris B, et al. Evaluation and initial management of acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: 962–967 with permission from American Society of Nephrology82 conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc; accessed
Kidney International Supplements 2012 2, 37-68DOI: ( /kisup )
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3. Figure 9 Effect of furosemide vs. control on all-cause mortality.
Reprinted from Ho KM, Power BM. Benefits and risks of furosemide in acute kidney injury. Anaesthesia 2010; 65: 283–293 with permission from John Wiley and Sons193; accessed
Kidney International Supplements 2012 2, 37-68DOI: ( /kisup )
Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 10 Effect of furosemide vs. control on need for RRT.
Reprinted from Ho KM, Power BM. Benefits and risks of furosemide in acute kidney injury. Anaesthesia 2010; 65: 283–293 with permission from John Wiley and Sons193; accessed
Kidney International Supplements 2012 2, 37-68DOI: ( /kisup )
Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 11 Effect of low-dose dopamine on mortality.
Reprinted from Friedrich JO, Adhikari N, Herridge MS et al. Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 510–524 with permission from American College of Physicians212; accessed
Kidney International Supplements 2012 2, 37-68DOI: ( /kisup )
Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 12 Effect of low-dose dopamine on need for RRT.
Reprinted from Friedrich JO, Adhikari N, Herridge MS et al. Meta-analysis: low-dose dopamine increases urine output but does not prevent renal dysfunction or death. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 510–524 with permission from American College of Physicians212; accessed
Kidney International Supplements 2012 2, 37-68DOI: ( /kisup )
Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions