1. VALUES, ATTITUDE, & EMOTIONS
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
VALUES, ATTITUDE, & EMOTIONS
JEMIMA ARTHUR
Values , Attitude & Emotions

2. Values , Attitude & Emotions
A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, defining what an individual or a group regards as desirable.
Values play an important role in the decision making process
Values , Attitude & Emotions

3. Values , Attitude & Emotions
People are not born with values; rather
they acquire and develop them early in life.
Parents, teachers, relatives and others influence an individual values.
As a result, every manager and every employee brings a certain set of values to the workplace.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

4. Values , Attitude & Emotions
A person’s values have an impact on the selection of performance measures, alternatives, and choice criteria in the decision process.
Differences in values often account for the use of different performance measures.
Differences in values may also generate different alternatives. A viable alternative to one person may be unacceptable to another because of differences in values.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

5. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Types of values
Personal values:
These are considered essential principles on which we build our life and guide us to relate with other people.
They are usually a blend of family values and socio-cultural values, together with our own individual ones according to our experiences.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

6. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Family values:
These are values in a family and are considered either good or bad. These are from the fundamental beliefs of our parents, who use them to educate us.
Socio- cultural values
These are the prevailing values of our society, which change with time and either coincide with family or personal values
Values , Attitude & Emotions

7. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Materials values:
These values allow us to survive and are
related to our basic needs as human beings,
such as food, clothing and protection from
the environment.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

8. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Spiritual values:
They refer to the importance we give to non-material aspects in our lives.
They are part of our human needs and allow us to feel fulfilled. They add meaning and establish foundation to our lives.
Moral values:
The attitudes and behaviours that society considers essential for coexistence, order and general wellbeing.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

9. Values , Attitude & Emotions
2. ATTITUDES:
Different people have different attitudes towards the same object.
A person’s attitude towards an object depends on the persons perception (knowledge) of the object
Values , Attitude & Emotions

10. Values , Attitude & Emotions
ATTITUDES
As knowledge of an object increases , a person’s attitude towards an object moves in two directions: positive and negative directions.
negative positive
Values , Attitude & Emotions

11. Values , Attitude & Emotions
ATTITUDES
Knowledge in the positive direction produces affection and attraction.
Knowledge in the negative direction
produces hatred and repulsion
Values , Attitude & Emotions

12. Components of Attitude
Affective Component of Attitude
This refers to affection[love] or dislike [hatred]
towards an object as result of first impression.
Cognitive Component of Attitude:
This refers to opinion of, or belief in an object as
a result of knowledge gained of the subject over
a period of time.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

13. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Formation of Attitude
Attitudes are the outward manifestation of your inner values and beliefs.
These develop over time. As you grow you watch the significant people around you behaving in a particular way; you are told to cherish certain things, you learn from your teachers and peers thus forming your value system
Values , Attitude & Emotions

14. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Functions of Attitude
The Adjustment Function.
Attitudes help people to adjust to their work environment.
Well-treated employees tend to develop a positive attitude towards their jobs, management and the organization in general.
Berated and ill treated organizational members develop a negative attitude.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

15. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Emotions are reactions to an object. (not a trait). They are object-specific.
Emotions include anger, joy, fear, sorrow, disgust or panic.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

16. Values , Attitude & Emotions
Types of Emotions
Felt Emotions
They are an individual’s internally generated
and actual emotions
Displayed Emotions
They are those emotions that are organizationally-
required and considered appropriate in a given
Job situation. They are not innate; they are learnt.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

17. Can People be emotionless?
Some people seem outwardly calm or apathetic in situations in which others are clearly emotionally.
These people have severe difficulty in expressing their emotions and understanding the emotions of others.
Psychologists call this alexithymia ( greek word for “lack of emotion”). People who suffer from alexithymia rarely cry and are often seen by others as bland and cold.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

18. Implications for managers
Are people who suffer from alexithymia poor work performers?
People who lack emotion need to be in jobs that require little emotion.
These people are not suited to managerial and sales/customer service positions.
But they might very well be effective performers in other jobs.
Values , Attitude & Emotions

19. END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU
Values , Attitude & Emotions