1. Unit 4: The Revolutionary War
CH. 6.3 – Battlegrounds Shift

2. I. Fighting in the West A. Native Americans
1. Some helped the patriots
2. More sided with the British = less of a threat

3. B. West of Appalachian Mtns.
1. British & NAs raided American settlements
2. Joseph Brant = Mohawk War Chief
Led brutal attacks in South West NY & Northern PA
3. Henry Hamilton = British Commander at Detroit
Paid NAs for scalps
“Hair Buyer”

4. Led force down the OH River
4. George Rogers Clark = VA militia leader
Led force down the OH River
Patriots captured British post at Kaskaskia (Illinois)
Took British town, Vincennes (Indiana)
British troops (under Hamilton) recapture Vincennes
February 1779 = Clark & troops surprise British & force surrender (strengthened American position in the West)

5. II. War at Sea A. British Navy 1. Vessels formed effective blockade
Keep ships from entering or leaving harbor
Limited supply and troop deliveries to Patriots

6. B. Privateers (Privately owned ship with weapons)
1. Congress ordered 13 warships
2. Only 2 made it out to sea – others captured by British
3. Congress authorized ~2,000 privateers
Privately owned ship with weapons
Recruited sailors from the whaling and fishing ports of NE
Privateers captured more British ships than the American navy did

7. 1. John Paul Jones = Naval Officer
C. American Naval Hero
1. John Paul Jones = Naval Officer
FIRST successes in raiding British ports
September 1779
Jones’ ship, Bonhomme Richard, meets British warship, Serapis, off the coast of Great Britain
Serapis surrendered

8. III. Fighting in the South
A. 1776, Battle of Moore’s Creek (NC) = Patriot W B. Patriots saved key port in Charles Town, SC = impactful C. New British plan = use sea power & loyalist support

9. D. Early British Success
, General Clinton sent 3,500 British troops from NY to Savannah (occupy & control)
2. May 1780 = Clinton led second attack on Charles Town
Charles Town surrendered
British took thousands of prisoners
Worst American defeat of the war

10. 3. After Clinton’s victory
Returned to NY
General Charles Cornwallis in command of South
Continental Congress sent forces under General Horatio Gates
Met in Camden, SC = British won first encounter

11. 1. British forces moved through countryside
E. Hit-and-Run Tactics
1. British forces moved through countryside
Small Patriot forces attacked
Showed up, fired, & disappeared
2. Patriot leader, Francis Marion
“Swamp Fox” operated out of the swamps of eastern SC

12. 1. Declared war on Britain in 1779
F. Spain
1. Declared war on Britain in 1779
Spanish Governor of LA, Bernardo de Galvez, shipped supplies & ammunition up the Mississippi River to American troops in Northwest (helped G. R. Clark)

13. 1. Sept. 1780 = British move through Carolinas
G. American Successes
1. Sept = British move through Carolinas
British warn locals to join British
Don’t join = “hang their leaders, and lay their country waste…”
Mountain people
Formed a militia army to force British off their land
Kings Mountain = killed/captured British-led Loyalist force of ~1,000

14. 1. Nathanael Greene now commander of Continental forces in the South
H. October 1780
1. Nathanael Greene now commander of Continental forces in the South
January 1781 = defeated British at Cowpens, SC
Joined Francis Marion
March = Met Cornwallis’ army at Guilford Courthouse (Greensboro, NC)
British sustained losses, Greene’s army retreats

15. I. April 1781 = Cornwallis marched north to VA
Troops raided region
Washington sent Lafayette & General Anthony Wayne south on Cornwallis
Cornwallis took shelter at Yorktown, VA