1. Unit 2: Listening & Comm. English 9 Mr. Hill
Communication Models
Unit 2: Listening & Comm.
English 9
Mr. Hill

2. Introduction
Communication, like most anything else, can be studied in order to find out exactly how it works.
This can be done in real life situations or it can be done on a more “academic” level.
This presentation will show you the three most recognized and accepted models of communication and how they work.

3. MODEL #1: CONTINUOUS LOOP MODEL
This is the EARLIEST model of communication that has been presented and accepted by others who study the field.
It is also the SIMPLEST model (though it might not look like it at first).
It includes all of the basic parts/players in the communication process.
There are still a few problems, though!

4. Continuous Loop Model

5. CONTENT
Continuous Loop Model

6. M
MESSAGE
CONTENT
Continuous Loop Model

7. Channels M
MESSAGE
CONTENT
Continuous Loop Model

8. Channels M
MESSAGE
SENDER S
CONTENT
Continuous Loop Model

9. Channels M
MESSAGE
SENDER S
CONTENT
Info Source
Continuous Loop Model

10. M S R Channels Continuous Loop Model MESSAGE Info Source SENDER
RECEIVER S
CONTENT R
Info Source
Continuous Loop Model

11. Break = diff. Message received = confusion
Channels M
MESSAGE
SENDER
RECEIVER S
CONTENT R
Info Source
Continuous Loop Model

12. Break = diff. Message received = confusion
Channels M
MESSAGE
SENDER
RECEIVER S
CONTENT R
FEEDBACK
Info Source F
Continuous Loop Model

13. M S R F Channels Continuous Loop Model
Break = diff. Message received = confusion
Channels M
MESSAGE
SENDER
RECEIVER S
CONTENT R
FEEDBACK
Info Source F
Break = diff info sent to
Sender = improper reactions
Continuous Loop Model

14. CONTINUOUS LOOP
This model is based upon the concept that language is a system or a machine.
In this machine, communication acts as the “gears” for the machine to work properly.
Any breakdowns hurt efficiency!

15. CONTINUOUS LOOP
While this is the EARLIEST model of communication, it is not known who the developer or the creator of the model was.
The only thing we know for sure is that it was most-likely developed in the 1920s or 1930s.

16. CONTINUOUS LOOP
One of the flaws of the model is that it assumes “continuous” communication.
There are times when we choose to stop communicating.
In other words, this is good on paper, but it does not fit all situations.

17. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER
This model was created in 1949.
It is not certain if this pair of researchers had seen the “Continuous Loop” model, but they were probably at least familiar with it.
This model was designed to be practical!

18. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER
Just as the “Loop” model was more “academic,” the Shannon & Weaver Model is more “down-to-earth.”
The basis for this model was a study of telephone conversations over a very lengthy 2-year time.

19. MODEL #2: SHANNON & WEAVER
The team studied only what they deemed to be “important” or “significant” calls of some length.
Quick calls to a neighbor or a store were not considered for the study.
The focus was on the “mechanics” of the messages.

20. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone T

21. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone T R

22. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone S T R
Sender =
Info Source

23. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone S T R R
Sender = Info Source

24. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone N S T R R
Sender = Info Source
NOISE

25. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone N S T R R
Sender = Info Source
NOISE
Static or Connection

26. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone N S T R R
Sender = Info Source
NOISE
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic

27. Shannon and Weaver Model
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone N S T R R
Sender = Info Source
NOISE ?
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic

28. Shannon and Weaver Model Altered Message = Confusion
Transmitter = Phone
Receiver = Phone N S T R R
Sender = Info Source
NOISE ?
Static or Connection
Mental or Electronic
Altered Message = Confusion

29. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
This is the MOST RECENT model of communication study.
An exact date is not given for the study, but it is believed to have been completed in the late 1970s or the early 1980s.
This one is not designed to be “academic” or “practical.” It is designed to be “ALL-INCLUSIVE”

30. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
Even with all of the good things that this “model” illustrates and tries to describe, there is still one little issue to remember…

31. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
IT’S NOT REALLY EVEN A TRUE MODEL IN THE FIRST PLACE!

32. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
It is NOT a model because it was never actually tested.
Berlo designed what he thought would be the ideal system to describe communication, but never had a chance to put it to the test in real life.

33. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
Since it was never “field-tested,” the “model” that Berlo developed has to take on a new title…

34. MODEL #3: BERLO’S “MODEL”
IT HAS TO BE CALLED A “THEORY”

35. Berlo’s Listening Theory

36. Berlo’s Listening Theory
CONTENT

37. Berlo’s Listening Theory
CODE
CONTENT

38. Berlo’s Listening Theory
Sender:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability
CODE
CONTENT

39. Berlo’s Listening Theory
Sender:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability
Receiver:
Emotions
Knowledge
Background
Biases
Ability
CODE
CONTENT