3. Sahelanthropus tchadensis
“toumai child”
6-7 MYA
Chad

4. Ardepithecus ramidus
5.8 – 4.4 MYA
Ethiopia

5. Australopithecines Genus Australopithecus Slender (“gracile”) forms
A. africanus, A. afarensis
Robust forms
A. robustus, A. boisei, A. aethopicus

6. A. africanus
South Africa
3 – 2 mya
“slender” type

7. A. afarensis
Slender form
“lucy”
East Africa
~3mya

8. A. robustus
Robust form
Olduvai gorge
1.8 mya

9. Genus Homo
Characteristics of the genus

10. Homo habilis 2.0 – 1.9 mya Brain size 775 cc Omnivore Olduvai gorge
Speech centers
Omnivore
Olduvai gorge

11. H. habilis (cont.)

12. H. erectus
Java
mya
Brain cc

13. H. erectus (cont)
Extensive tool use
Fire
Dispersed into Europe and Asia

14. H. neanderthalensis
200k bp
Neander valley
1450 cc

15. H. sapiens
Cromagnon man
k bp
~1360 cc
Culture

16. Timeline of Homonid evolution

18. Note on human variability
Ethnic - of or relating to large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.
Lewontin – 17 genes, 7 ethnic groups
Morphological differences
not adaptive
Genetic
variation a b c d …