1. Leukocyte depletion during cardiac operation: a new approach through the venous bypass circuit 
Y.John Gu, MD, PhD, A.J de Vries, MD, Paulien Vos, Piet W Boonstra, MD, PhD, Willem van Oeveren, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 67, Issue 3, Pages (March 1999)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig 1
Leukocyte depletion through the venous side of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. The leukocyte-depleting filter is located between the venous drainage and the venous reservoir, with a side-line circuit driven by a separate roller pump with a low rate of blood flow.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig 2
The leukocyte removal rate (efficiency) is similar between the first and second filter sets in individual patients undergoing leukocyte depletion, suggesting that the efficiency of leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass is patient-related rather than filter-related.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig 3
Relation between the leukocyte removal rate (data drawn from the first filter set) and the nasopharyngeal temperature recorded before filtration in the 20 patients who underwent leukocyte depletion. A low temperature tended to reduce the efficiency of leukocyte depletion during cardiopulmonary bypass.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig 4
Circulating leukocyte count during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and during the postoperative period in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the leukocyte depletion group and the control group. Data are expressed as means plus or minus the standard error of the mean. The arrow indicates the start of 10 minutes of filtration. T1 = before CPB; T2 = before filtration; T3 = end of filtration; T4 = aortic cross-clamp release; T5 = 5 minutes after clamp release; T6 = end of CPB; T7 = end of operation; T8 = 1 hour in ICU; T9 = 3 hours in ICU; T10 = next morning in ICU. ∗p < 0.05 between the two groups.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )