1. Chemical Process Industries
Chemical Engineering Department

2. CHPE 306 Chemical Process Industries
2016
Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday 8:00 – 8:50 PM
Instructor : Dr. Qazi Nasir
Room 2A-2

3. Chemical Process Industries
ASSESSMENTS
Course Works
Assignments (2) %
Quizzes (2 ) %
Project and /or Site visit
Reports (2) %
Two In-term exams (2) %
Final Examination
40%
REFERENCES
Austin, G.T., "Shreve's Chemical Process Industries", 5thed McGraw- Hill: New York, 1984. 3

4. Introduction
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

5. Summary of the Course
Provide introduction of definition and working principles of equipment for unit operations coupled with flowsheeting of process design such as PFD and P&ID. Illustration of the chemical process of various industries such as in refinery, petrochemicals, sulfuric acid, chlor-alkali industry, cement, glass, fertilizer, dairy, sugar, water, soap, etc, with particular emphasis on sultanate applications.
Dr Salam Al-Dawery
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

6. Objective of the Course
Identify the relationship between industrial chemistry and chemical engineering.
Explain the basic operation of the chemical industry.
Define a process flow diagram (PFD) and a process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID).
Create a PFD from a written description of a process.
Evaluate feeds and products from written descriptions of chemical processes.
Conduct actual survey of the process operation by visiting the plants.
Practice research a topic independently or as a team member, prepare a written and report, and make an oral presentation
Dr Salam Al-Dawery
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

7. Definition of Chemical Engineering & Unit Operations
Chapter One
Definition of Chemical Engineering & Unit Operations
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

8. What is Chemical Engineering
Definition found in a standard dictionary:
“A branch of engineering which involves the design and operation of large scale chemical plants, petrochemical, refineries, and the like.”
Another definition :
“Concerned with processes that cause substances to undergo required changes in their chemical or physical composition, structure, energy content or physical state.”
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

9. Chemical Engineer Tasks
Chemical Engineers convert scientific discoveries into marketable products.
They are involved in many aspects of chemical production, research, and design, as well as in the construction and operation of industrial plants.
They design equipment for safe storage and transportation of chemical solids, liquids, and gases,
Design control systems for chemical plants based upon data from lab experiments and pilot plant operations.
Chemical Engineers also perform tests and take measurements in order to determine the most efficient production methods
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

10. General Steps of Chemical Process
SEPARATION PROCESS
REACTION PROCESS
RAW MATERIALS
INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT
FINAL PRODUCT
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

11. Chemical Process Design
There is no standard steps
There is no single correct solution
There is always a need to find a better solution from several alternatives
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

12. Given Information for a Process Design
Products needed and production rate
Purity of the desired product
Raw material to be used
Utility available
The process route
Expected market
Site selection
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

13. Results of Process Design Project
Process flowsheet description
Mass and energy balances results
Equipment sizing and specification
Economic feasibility analysis
Environmental requirements
The final report
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

14. Plant Operation
In the design of an industrial plant, the methods which will be used for plant operation and control help to determine many of the design variables. For example, the extent of instrumentation can be a factor in choosing the type of process and setting the labor requirements.
It should be remembered that maintenance work will be necessary to keep the installed equipment and facilities in good operating condition.
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

15. Lets look at the overall process flow of a modern oil refinery:
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

16. The overall process is broken down into individual subsets:
Physical
Chemical
Thermal
Catalytic
Distillation
Solvent extraction
Propane deasphalting
Solvent dewaxing
Blending
Visbreaking
Delayed coking
Flexicoking
Hydrotreating
Catalytic reforming
Catalytic cracking
Hydrocracking
Catalytic dewaxing
Alkylation
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

17. With Their Own Flow Arrangement:
Distillation
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

18. Fluid Catalytic Cracking
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

19. We notice….. Fluid Dynamics Heat Transfer Evaporation Humidification
The number of individual processes is large, each one can be broken down into a series of steps that appear in process after process
The individual “steps” have common techniques and are based upon the same scientific principles
Fluid Dynamics
Heat Transfer
Evaporation
Humidification
Gas absorption
Solvent Extraction
Adsorption
Distillation
Drying
Mixing
Classification
Fluidization
Filtration
Screening
Crystallization
Centrifugation
Materials handling
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

20. Fluid Dynamics A study of the behaviour of fluids
In Chemical processes fluid streams flow from one process to another through pipes and ducts.
Process fluids are moved by pumps and compressors
Fluid flowrates must be monitored by meters and are controlled by valves.
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

21. Heat Transfer:
Process fluids may need to be heated up to a certain temperature
Heat from a process stream may be recovered
This can be done by contacting two streams in a heat exchanger.
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

22. Evaporation:
A special case of heat transfer, where a phase change takes place.
Concentrate a solution consisting of a volatile solute and a nonvolatile solvent
The volatile solute evaporates leaving a more concentrated solution.
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

23. Humidification:
Transfer of material between a pure liquid phase and a fixed gas phase that is nearly insoluble in the liquid
Example: Water vapor is added to a air, and thus, cooling tower is used
to decrease water temperature
Dr Salam Al-Dawery

24. Gas Absorption Also known as stripping process
It is mass transfer operation
A soluble vapor is absorbed from its mixture with an inert gas by means of a liquid in which the solute gas is more soluble.
Example: the removal of CO2 and H2S from natural gas or syngas by absorption into amines or alkaline salts
Dr Salam Al-Dawery