1. Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics
Test Review

2. Plate Tectonics
When rock changes its shape due to stress, this reaction is called ____________________.
deformation

3. The stress that occurs when two tectonic plates collide is called ____________________.
compression

4. Plate Tectonics
_________________________ is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere.
Plate tectonics

5. The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere is called a ___________.
subduction zone

6. Plate Tectonics
When Earth's magnetic poles change place, this is called a(n) ____________________ reversal.
magnetic

7. _________________________ are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth's ocean basins.
Mid-ocean ridges

8. Plate Tectonics
_________________________ is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pulled away.
Sea-floor spreading

9. The center of the Earth is called the ____________________.
core

10. Plate Tectonics
Anticlines and synclines are the result of ____________________.
folding

11. The ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean formed along a ____________________ boundary.
divergent

12. Plate Tectonics
Earth's ____________________ is liquid.
outer core

13. _____ type of mountain is the only one that is formed by adding new material to the Earth's surface.
volcanic

14. Plate Tectonics
Mountains with sharp, jagged peaks, such as the Tetons, in western Wyoming, that are produced when sedimentary rock layers are tilted up by faulting are called ____ mountains.
fault-block

15. The Mariana trench is the deepest point in the oceans—11,033 m below sea level. This trench was formed at a ____ boundary, where one tectonic plate was subducted beneath the other.
convergent

16. Plate Tectonics
A ____ fault often results when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.
strike-slip

17. The type of fault that often results when rocks are pulled apart due to tension is called a _____.
normal fault

18. Plate Tectonics
When horizontal stress acts on a rock, ____ and ___form.
synclines and anticlines

19. When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary between them is called a _____.
transform boundary

20. Plate Tectonics
____ is the process by which hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks.
Convection

21. Wegener's continental drift theory suggests that at 245 million years a single landmass was surrounded by a sea called _____.
Panthalassa

22. Plate Tectonics The North American plate consists _____.
of both continental and oceanic crust

23. The thinnest part of a tectonic plate lies beneath _____.
the middle of the ocean

24. There are_____ major tectonic plates.
ten

25. Plate Tectonics
The ____ is divided into tectonic plates.
lithosphere

26. The ____ is made of solid rock that flows very slowly.
asthenosphere

27. The word asthenosphere means _____.
"weak sphere"

28. Plate Tectonics The word lithosphere means "rock sphere"
The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called the _____.
asthenosphere
The strong, lower part of the mantle that lies beneath the asthenosphere is called the _____.
mesosphere

29. The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called the _____.
asthenosphere

30. The strong, lower part of the mantle that lies beneath the asthenosphere is called the _____.
mesosphere

31. Plate Tectonics
The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth is called the _____.
lithosphere

32. The diameter of the Earth's core is slightly larger than the diameter of _____.
Mars

33. Scientists have learned that the mantle's composition has large amounts of _____.
iron and magnesium

34. Plate Tectonics
Earth's lightest materials make up the _____.
crust

35. _____ appears to cause movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
convection currents below the lithosphere

36. The speed of seismic waves depends on the ____ of the layer through which they travel.
density

37. Plate Tectonics
_____makes up most of the Earth's mass.
Mantle

38. The type of mountain involving huge sections of the Earth's crust being pushed up into anticlines and synclines is the _____.
folded mountain

39. Plate Tectonics The San Andreas fault is an example of a _____.
transform boundary

40. The part of the Earth on which the tectonic plates are able to move is the _____.
asthenosphere

41. Plate Tectonics The part of the Earth that is a liquid is the _____.
outer core

42. The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer.
False

43. Temperature and pressure increase toward the center of the Earth.
True

44. Plate Tectonics
The inner core of the Earth is solid and made primarily of iron.
True

45. The crust is the Earth's only solid layer.
False