1. War and British Conquest
Chapter Five
War and British Conquest

2. Why fight for Acadia? Britain and France For the Mi’kmaq
Was a great location
Could attack each other easily
Great for protecting colonies
Great for protecting trade routes
For the Mi’kmaq
Was their homeland

3. What Acadia was like:
French and Mi’kmaq had an alliance because French used land Mi’kmaq weren’t
French set up digues
A barrier usually made of earth, that separates land from water. Built them to prevent the ocean from flooding marshes that they wanted to farm
French had lived in the area for many generations
Acadia was taken over by the British from the Treaty of Utrecht
There was lots of conflict over the colonization of the area, especially by the Mi’kmaq

4. France builds Louisbourg

5. Britain responded with
Halifax

6. The Great Deportation
Oath of Neutrality in 1730 (would have to stay neutral if fight between France/Britain)
1755 Oath of Allegiance was expected so Acadians would fight with British
Acadians refused so they were deported (sent out of the country)
Some Acadians escaped (New France/Mi’kmaq
Acadians were removed; their land, homes, and possessions taken from them
Were sent to the Thirteen Colonies, England, and France

7. Effects People were uprooted from their lives
Mi’kmaq lost friends, alliances, families
Cajan community in the USA developed
Established themselves mostly in Louisiana

8. Why deport Acadians They lived in an area that was very strategic
Acadians were Catholic/spoke French (more in common with the French)
Acadians had way more people than the British (2:1)
British assumed they couldn’t trust them because of French background

10. Prejudices What it all comes down to…
A negative generalization about a group of people based on uninformed judgements
The British jumped to conclusions about the Acadians

11. Impacts Today Acadians still live throughout the Maritimes
Still lots of pride
Made New Brunswick an officially bilingual province
Some consider it genocide or ethnic cleansing

12. Seven Years’ War
Basically France and Britain trying to get control and destroy each other
Ended up becoming a world war with other countries getting involved/picking sides
Lots of war for land in North America
War ended with the Treaty of Paris

13. Treaty of Paris 1763 Ended to Seven Years’ War
France gave up all North American claims for Guadeloupe (island in the Caribbean)
Kept the island of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon in North America
Stopped retaliation of British
Enabled settlers to keep their religion

14. Nice……

15. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
1759 between the French/British at Quebec
British captured Quebec (capital for French)
French retreated to Montreal but came back to defeat the British at the Battle of Sainte-Foy
British retreated to Quebec
French surrounded Quebec to force the British to run out of supplies
Both British/French were waiting for supply ships, bad weather made the French ship turn around
British ship arrives with supplies/troops

16. Pontiac and Minweweh Pontiac was leader of the Odawa Nation
He organized an alliance of First Nations to oppose British takeover
Minweweh was an Anishinabe leader who was an ally
Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not conquered us! We are not your slaves. These lakes, these woods, and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance; and we will part with them to none. (pg. 159)
Led to an agreement with the British in 1765 where the British would not have the rights to First Nations land even though they beat the French

18. Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudeuil de Cavagnial
The last governor of New France
Surrendered to the British in 1760 after the battle of Sainte-Foy
Tried to protect the Canadiens/allies of the French while negotiating for the Treaty of Paris
Canadiens could practice Catholic faith
Made it so the Canadiens could remain home…in Quebec

20. Britain Establishes Control
Actions they took…

21. The Royal Proclamation of 1763
Wanted to assimilate the Canadiens
Made the Province of Quebec with a British-style government
Like the government of the Thirteen Colonies (which is????)
Catholics weren’t allowed to hold government positions
French civil law was abolished (seigneurial system gone, tithes to Catholic Church gone)
Encouraged Thirteen Colonies settlers to move into Quebec
Told them they couldn’t move West, so move to Quebec!!!
Made it so people couldn’t settle in “Indian Territory”
Waited for the First Nations to come to agreements with Britain first

23. The Quebec Act of 1774
The American Revolution scared the British and the Canadiens were not giving up on their culture/heritage
Quebec Act gave back some rights to Canadiens
Made it so the French culture/language could remain
Were allowed to practice their religion
Important because people still consulted clergy about decisions, even politics
Could hold government positions
If they signed an oath of loyalty to Britain
Reinstated French civil law
Changed the boundaries of Quebec to have vital fur trade territory
Did not consult the First Nations about this….