1. Pulmonary hepatic flow distribution in total cavopulmonary connections: Extracardiac versus intracardiac 
Lakshmi P. Dasi, PhD, Kevin Whitehead, PhD, Kerem Pekkan, Diane de Zelicourt, MS, Kartik Sundareswaran, PhD, Kirk Kanter, MD, Mark A. Fogel, MD, Ajit P. Yoganathan, PhD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 141, Issue 1, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Mathematic definition of inferior venous split to the 2 pulmonary arteries depicted on a simplified 1-dimensional offset idealization of the total cavopulmonary connection. Ten thousand mass-less particles denoted as set {Pi} are seeded in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and tracked by using the velocity field output of the computational model. The seeding cross-section is then partitioned into Ω left pulmonary artery (ΩLPA) and Ω right pulmonary artery (ΩRPA) based on the fate of the particle after it transits through the connection. SVC, Superior vena cava.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A, Visualization of streamlines color coded (red, flow bound to the left lung; blue, flow bound to the right lung) on the 1-dimensional offset model. B, Partitioning the seeding cross-section of the inferior vena cava (shown in Figure 1) to left- and right bound-flow distribution for varying cardiac output flow split and the variation of offset.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
The 5 patient-specific intracardiac total cavopulmonary connections depicting flow streaming at resting conditions (top row). Also shown for each patient is the color-coded partitioning at the particle seeding cross-section of the inferior vena cava as a function of simulated exercise level. Blue, Left-bound flow; red, right-bound flow. CHOP, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
The 5 patient-specific extracardiac TCPCs depicting flow streaming at resting conditions (top row). Also shown for each patient is the partitioning at the particle seeding cross-section of the inferior vena cava as a function of simulated exercise level. Blue, Left-bound flow; red, right-bound flow. CHOP, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Inferior vena caval to left pulmonary artery (LPA) streaming as a function of fraction of cardiac output (CO) to the LPA for all 10 patients at resting and simulated conditions (connected symbols). Intracardiac (IC) patients showed a significant linear correlation (P < .0001, R2 = 0.93, dashed line), whereas extracardiac patients did not show significance (P > .05).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Left pulmonary artery (LPA) streaming as a function of inferior vena caval offset toward the right pulmonary artery in extracardiac total cavopulmonary connections. Offset is normalized to inferior vena caval diameter. Linear regression results in an R2 value of greater than 0.91 and a P value of less than .01 for each of the fitted lines. The slight decrease in slope with increasing cardiac output was not statistically significant.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
Effect of exercise on left pulmonary artery (LPA) streaming characteristics of intracardiac and extracardiac total cavopulmonary connections shown separately. For intracardiac total cavopulmonary connections, the overall streaming decreases marginally with exercise. For extracardiac total cavopulmonary connections, streaming appears to tend to a value of 50% streaming with exercise. CO, Cardiac output.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions