1. Physical Properties of Matter
By Ms. Dutton

2. What are Physical Properties and Changes?
Physical properties can be __________________ or _______________ without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Observed
Measured

3. What are Physical Properties and Changes?
Physical properties include:
appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.

4. What are Physical Properties and Changes?
The three states of matter are: _____________, __________________, and _______________. The melting point and boiling point are related to changes of the state of matter. All matter may exist in any of three physical states of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Gas

5. What are Physical Properties and Changes?
Physical Changes:
A physical change takes place _____________________ any changes in molecular composition. The same element or compound is present _____________ and _________________ the change. The same molecule is present throughout the changes. Physical changes are related to physical properties since some measurements require that changes be made.
without
before
after

6. What are Physical Properties and Changes?
Physical Changes:
Melting Point: As solid matter is heated it eventually melts or changes into a liquid state at the melting point.
Ice (a solid form of water) melts at ____ oC and changes to the liquid state.
Boiling Point: As the liquid matter is heated further it eventually boils or vaporizes into a gas at the boiling point.
Liquid water boils and changes into a gas, usually called steam or water vapor at _____ oC. In all three states the same molecules of water (H2O) are present.
100

7. Metric System Notes meter gram liter second
In science class, we use the Metric System. The metric system is a system of measurement that is used by scientists all over the world. Most countries only use the metric system.
In the metric system, we use root words and prefixes for our units. What is the base unit for each of the following measurements?
Distance = _______________
Mass = _______________
Volume = _______________
Time = _______________
meter
gram
liter
second

8. How many jumps does it take?
Ladder Method
kilo-
1000 k-
Hecto-
100 H- 3
Deka- 10 D- 2
Basic Unit
Gram (g)
Liter (L)
Meter (m) 1
deci-
0.1 d-
centi-
0.01 c-
milli-
0.001 m-
How do you use the “ladder” method?
1st – Determine your starting point.
2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point.
3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction.
1000 mg = _________ g
Starting Point
Ending Point
How many jumps does it take? 3 . 2 . 1 .
= 1 g

9. Conversion Practice
kilo-
1000 k-
Hecto-
100 H-
Deka- 10 D-
Basic Unit
Gram (g)
Liter (L)
Meter (m)
deci-
0.1 d-
centi-
0.01 c-
milli-
0.001 m-
Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit.
Kilogram _____ 4) Milliliter _____ 7) Kilometer _____
2) Meter _____ 5) Millimeter _____ 8) Centimeter _____
3) Gram _____ 6) Liter _____ 9) Milligram _____

10. Conversion Practice Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
kilo-
1000 k-
Hecto-
100 H-
Deka- 10 D-
Basic Unit
Gram (g)
Liter (L)
Meter (m)
deci-
0.1 d-
centi-
0.01 c-
milli-
0.001 m-
Try these conversions, using the ladder method.
10) 2000 mg = _______ g 15) 5 L = _______ mL 20) 16 cm = _______ mm
11) 104 km = _______ m 16) 198 g = _______ kg 21) 2500 m = _______ km
12) 480 cm = _____ m 17) 75 mL = _____ L 22) 65 g = _____ mg
13) 5.6 kg = _____ g 18) 50 cm = _____ m 23) 6.3 cm = _____ mm
14) 8 mm = _____ cm 19) 5.6 m = _____ cm 24) 120 mg = _____ g

11. Metric Tools
In the metric system, we have to know the proper tool to use for our measurements. What is the best tool to use for each of the following measurements?
Distance = ___________
Mass = __________________
Volume = __________________
Time = ____________
Meter Stick
Triple Beam Balance
Graduated Cylinder
Metric Timer

12. Length Lab Write the abbreviation for: Centimeter ________
Millimeter ________
Kilometer ________
Name the previous units in order of their size with the smallest first.
_______________

13. In the metric system, we always use decimals, never fractions.
Instructions
1. Look at the diagram of part of a metric ruler. Above it are some arrows with letters.
2. Look at the letter; determine the measurement from the ruler
3. You must always include a unit like centimeter in your answers (write the abbreviation AFTER the number).
a. (centimeter) ______________________________
b. (meter) ______________________________
c. (millimeter) ______________________________
d. (kilometer) ______________________________
e. (meter) ______________________________
f. (centimeter) ______________________________
g. (millimeter) ______________________________

14. Use a metric ruler or meter stick to find each measurement.
(a) Length of the line in centimeters ______
(b) Length of the line in millimeters _______

15. Mass Lab
Choose items from the container on your table that will be closest to the targeted mass. You may use a single item or mix and match items to reach the targeted mass.
Have your teacher check your estimates before you find the actual mass!

16. Mass Lab 1 gram 5 grams 10 grams 20 grams 50 grams 100 grams 200 grams
Targeted Mass
Item(s)
Actual Mass
1 gram
5 grams
10 grams
20 grams
50 grams
100 grams
200 grams
400 grams

17. Mass Lab Circle the BEST metric unit for each. (1) Your mass: mg g kg
(2) Amount of spices in a batch of cookies:
(3) Mass of 10 pennies:

18. Volume Lab Part A: Count your drops!
Take a guess - How many drops of water will it take to equal 1 milliliter? __________ drops
Follow the directions to find the number of drops in 1 milliliter of water, and then answer the questions. You will need a small graduated cylinder (25 ml), a beaker of water, and an eyedropper for this section.
(1) Fill a small graduated cylinder with 10 ml of water.
(2) Count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 11 ml. Record the number in the chart.
(3) Leave the water in the graduated cylinder and count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 12ml. Record the number in the chart.
(4) Leave the water in the graduated cylinder and count the number of drops it takes to raise the water to 13ml. Record the number in the chart.
(5) Calculate your average and round to the nearest tenth.

19. Volume Lab Part A: Count your drops!
Based on your average, how close were you to your guess? ____________
Based on your average, how many drops would it take to make 1 liter? _________
# of drops to 11 ml
# of drops to 12 ml
# of drops to 13 ml
Average

20. Volume Lab Part B: Water Displacement
Follow the directions to find the volume of three marbles using water displacement.
(1) Add 20 ml of water to a 100 ml graduated cylinder. Record this amount in the chart.
(2) Add three marbles to the cylinder and measure the volume. Record this amount in the chart.
(3) Find the difference between the two measurements and record in the chart. The difference between the two measurements will be the volume of the three marbles.

21. Volume of water before adding marbles
Volume Lab
Part B: Water Displacement
Volume of water before adding marbles
Volume of water
after adding marbles
Difference in volume
Volume of 3 marbles

22. Volume Lab Part C: Volume by Formula Volume = length x width x height
Use the formula to find the volume of the box. Measure to the nearest centimeter (no decimals) before calculating your answer. INCLUDE YOUR UNITS!!!!
Volume = length x width x height
_________ x _________ x _________ =_________