2. Science behind fissures

4. News report shows fissures/lava

5. Time lapse

6. A totality of everything that exists
Our Universe
A totality of everything that exists

7. Big Bang

8. The Big Bang Theory The explosion that created EVERYTHING
A point in space where all matter and energy
were squished to a single point.
EXPLODED, and that explosion continues to grow today

9. A change or shift in the wavelength of
When did this happen? birth of universe
14.4 billion years ago
Evidence Expanding Universe
Doppler Effect:
A change or shift in the wavelength of
light.

10. Doppler Effect

11. How it works with stars you see?
* Object gets closer… wavelength becomes
shorter, therefore appears BLUE
* Object gets further… wavelength becomes
longer, therefore appears RED
How it works with stars you see?

12. Electromagnetic Spectrum

13. Stars emit light

14. Star moving away - lines shift to red – long wavelengths (Red Shift)
Star moving towards - lines shift to blue – short wavelengths (Blue Shift)

15. ESRT pg 14 Longer Wavelengths Shorter Wavelengths
Decreasing Wavelengths
Increasing Wavelengths

16. Red Shift is most common in the universe, indicating the universe is expanding. Discovered by Hubble.

17. Normal Spectra
Blue
Red
Star Spectra
Red
Blue
Red Shift

18. What is the fate of the Universe?
Will it expand indefinitely?
Will it eventually implode back in on itself?
NO ONE KNOWS!!!

19. Hubble Telescope

21. 10-20 Billion years old!
Big Bang Theory
Evidence for Expansion:
1. Doppler Effect
Red Shift of Light

22. Galaxies
Early astronomers thought the hazy patches in night sky were nebulae, latin word for clouds. TODAY telescopes are powerful enough to see they are NOT but they are galaxies

23. What is a Galaxy?
Systems containing billions of stars.

25. Milky Way Galaxy…. 10,000 light years
Our solar system is found on the outer spiral
Contains billion stars
Spiral Galaxy
SUN
10,000 light years

26. As late as the turn of the 20th century, astronomers believed that the Sun was effectively at the center of the galaxy, which was synonymous with the center of the universe. The work of Harlow Shapley and Henrietta Leavitt in 1918 displaced the Sun to the outer regions of the galaxy, and observations by Hubble and others proved that the Milky Way was just one galaxy of many (1923). Further study of the motions of the galaxies by Hubble revealed that they were racing away from us and each other: proof of an expanding universe (1929).
cfa-

27. Andromeda

28. The Milky Way Galaxy vs. the Andromeda Galaxy
They are on a collision course!!!
What will happen when these two galaxies collide?
Nothing, they are mostly empty space!

30. Types of Galaxies * Spiral Galaxy * Elliptical Galaxy
* Irregular Galaxy