1. Do Now 2/18/15
A blood test shows that the 35 year old male patient has heightened levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. What effects would you expect for this to have on the body?
A pregnant woman is prescribed oxytocin to increase her levels of oxytocin. What effects would you expect to see?
Which hormone released by the pituitary gland regulates water levels?
Which hormones released by the pituitary gland activate other endocrine glands?
Where is the pituitary gland located?

2. ENDOCRINE BIG QUIZ NEXT CLASS!!!! Final draft due SUN., 2/22 at 11:59 pm
FRIDAY, 2/20

3. Major Structures

4. THYROID GLAND Thyroid hormones control metabolism
Metabolism = the body's ability to break down food and store it as energy, then utilize energy as needed

5. THYROID HORMONES
Thyroxin - increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates
- partly made from iodine
• BMR – basal metabolic rate : how many calories the body must consume to maintain life

6. Parathyroid Glands
Located behind the thyroid
Four tiny glands

7. Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood

8. Adrenal Glands Located at the top of the kidneys
Adrenal Cortex - outer area
Adrenal Medulla  - inner area

9. Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine – increased heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (fight or flight, response to stress)
People with severe life threatening allergies often carry injectors

10. Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone – a mineralcorticoid, helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure
Cortisol – glucocortoid, keeps blood glucose and blood pressure levels stable, the “stress” hormone

11. Pancreas
The pancreas is a large gland behind your stomach that helps the body to maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels.

12. Insulin – decreases blood sugar concentrations, affects the uptake of glucose by cells
Glucagon - increases blood sugar concentrations in the bloodstream

13. Other Endocrine Glands
Pineal Gland – located between the cerebral hemispheres, secretes melatonin, important for maintaining Circadian rhythms (light and dark activity)
Reproductive Glands – testes and ovaries – testosterone, progesterone, estrogen

14. Steroids
Anabolic steroids are artificially produced hormones that are the same as, or similar to, androgens, the male-type sex hormones in the body.
There are more than 100 variations of anabolic steroids.
The most powerful androgen is testosterone.

15. Effects of steroids Enhanced athletic performance
Serious effects on the liver
Decreased production of LH and FSH hormones
Breast formation, increased sexual desire, increased frequency of erectile dysfunction in males
Increased sexual desire, irregular menstrual cycle, hair loss, lowering of voice, increased facial hair growth, decreased breast size in females
Most changes are irreversible

16. Warm up Label each endocrine organ
List ALL hormones secreted by each organ
Write out the function of each hormone

17. ENDOCRINE BIG QUIZ 2x Short Unit…
Due Dates:
Endocrine Yearbook due at 4PM 2/23
Endocrine Quiz (2x) 2/25
2ND Rough Draft due 2/29 (7-8 pages)
Stress Log 3/2

19. Stress
Bodies perceive stress  extra energy is needed to overcome stressors
Eustress – good stress that motivates you to keep working
Distress – bad stress that results when the good stress becomes to much to bear or cope with and tension builds
Cortisol is produced in response to stress

20. Release of Cortisol Increased blood sugar levels Increased heart rate
Increased breathing rate
NO energy spent on body repair
Decreased production of white blood cells  immune system weakened

21. Extended Stress
When cortisol levels remain high for extended periods of time, the body takes a long time to repair and the immune system remains weak
Easier to get sick

22. Managing Stress Levels
Exercise regularly (20-30 minutes a day)
Meditation
Reduce caffeine
Express self creatively (art, music, writing, etc.)

23. Stress Log
Record stress levels twice a day (once in the morning/afternoon, once at night) for a week
On a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is experiencing no stress and 5 is experiencing extreme stress, rank how stressed you currently feel.
Each day, complete an activity to lower cortisol levels and document a description of what you did.
Stress Log due Tuesday, 3/2