1. Ch. 18: Post-War, Containment, and the Cold War

2. The Atomic Bomb
Japan was warned that it would face ‘prompt and utter destruction’ if it did not surrender immediately
President Truman chose to drop two bombs and said “I…never had any doubt it should be used.”
Hiroshima: 8/6/45 and Nagasaki: 8/9/45
Around 100,000 people killed instantly
By the end of 1945 about 100,000 more had died from injuries and radiation poisoning
Japan surrendered about a week after bombs were dropped

3. The Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a plan to aid any countries in Europe rebuilding from the destruction of the war
It required European countries cooperate to develop a common plan for recovery; the Soviet Union refused to participate
Under the Marshall Plan, the U.S. provided $13 billion in aid to 16 countries between 1947 and 1952
By the mid-1950s, most countries of Western Europe were U.S. allies with strong economies

4. Military Alliances During the Cold War
The USSR was dedicated to expanding communism to other countries around the world after the war
Countries in Eastern Europe were dominated by the USSR, which stationed troops and stockpiled weapons in countries bordering democracies of Western Europe
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

5. NATO
Established as a military alliance for mutual protection; included 10 European countries as well as Canada and the U.S.
Used for containment of communism in Europe
In response, Eastern European nations formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 when West Germany was allowed to re-arm
NATO today includes some formerly communist countries

6. Containment
The two most dominant after the war were the U.S. and the Soviet Union
The Soviets declared that communism and capitalism were incompatible
Both superpowers were engaged in a nuclear arms race; a doctrine of mutually assured destruction kept both countries on the brink of nucelar war

7. The Korean War
: Communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea; U.S. and UN troops contained the communist threat
Increased fear of communism at home; Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy made unsupported accusations against members of government (McCarthyism)
In Cuba, communist dictator Fidel Castro received aid from the USSR; President Kennedy approved CIA support for an invasion at the Bay of Pigs

8. Continue The invasion failed and hurt American prestige
In 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis took the two superpowers to the brink of nuclear war for six days; both sides eventually made concessions
Our fear was that a ‘domino effect’ would happen eventually with communism: that if one country fell, eventually the rest would follow

9. STAR REVIEW 
Review the following concepts and terms on a separate sheet of paper:
Enlightenment Ideals --Social Darwinism
Thomas Paine’s ‘Common Sense’ --monopolies
1st and 2nd Great Awakening -Andrew Carnegie
Puritanism and Religious Persecution -Pre-WWII Legislation Involving US in War --John D. Rockefeller
--Sherman Anti-Trust Act --Open Door Policy
Bill of Rights --Nativism --Americanization
Nullification --NAACP --New Deal Policies
Reconstruction Causes of the Great Depression
--The Great Society --’Camelot’ --Civil Rights Movement: Leaders and Advances