1. By: Antehun Alemayehu (M.Sc)
Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses among Health Adult Blood Donors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
By: Antehun Alemayehu (M.Sc)

2. Introduction
2 billion persons have serologic evidence of HBV infection and over 350 million people are carriers of chronic HBV worldwide
Singh S et al, 2009
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C together caused 1.4 million deaths in 2010, including deaths from acute infection, liver cancer and cirrhosis
Lozano R et al, 2012
The transmission risk of these diseases is more among patients receiving blood transfusions or injection drug users
Maheshwari A, Thuluvath PJ, 2010
The risks for HBV and HCV transmission via blood transfusions are believed to be higher in countries in sub-Saharan Africa
MMWR 2011
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3. Introduction
20 to 30% of patients may develop liver cancer during the inactive HBsAg carrier state
Multiple episodes of reactivation or sustained reactivation can cause progressive hepatic damage and even hepatic decomposition
Sanjeev Sharma et al,2005
Due to the risk of transmission assessment of sero status is indispensable to know the burden and to make safe blood recipient

4. Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors from May/ July/ 2015
Study was done at Wolaita Sodo Ottona and Christian hospitals, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV
The socio-demographic data along with blood samples were collected and analyzed
All serum samples were tested for HBsAg and anti- HCV using INSTANT rapid screening kit method according to the manufacturer’s instruction

5. Methods
Data entry and analysis were done using Epi info version & SPSS version respectively
Ethical clearance was obtained from AAU, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology ethical review and research committee
Permission was obtained from Wolaita zone Hospital where the samples were collected

6. Result and Discussion HBV and HCV Sero-prevalence
In this cross- sectional study prevalence of HBV and HCV was 10.1% and 8.8% respectively
The result of this study was higher for HBsAg compared to previously reported prevalence of HBsAg among blood donors in Italy 2.7%, Indonesia 8.8% , in Nepal 0.46% and Democratic Republic of the Congo which was 9.8%.
Sulaiman H, et al Shrestha et al, 2009, Mbendi N. et al., 2001
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7. Result and Discussion
It was also higher from those studies previously conducted among Ethiopia blood donors, in Gondar hospital of blood bank 4.7%, and Dessie hospital of blood bank 3%
Baye Gelaw and Yohannes Mengistu 2008
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8. Result and Discussion
However, the prevalence of HBsAg was lower when it was compared with studies done Mekele hospital of blood bank; prevalence was 14%, Felege Hiwot referral hospital 25%
(Baye Gelaw and Yohannes Mengistu 2008 ), (Azene Dessie, Bayeh Abera and Fisseha Wale 2007)
The differences were due to variations in geographical distribution as well as population differences in terms of lifestyle, awareness, sensitivity and specificity of tests.
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9. Result and Discussion
The result of this study showed 8.8% anti-HCV prevalence among blood donors; which was lower than the prevalence study in Cairo among blood donors 14.6% but higher from studies conducted in Saudi Arabia 1.8% and Yemen blood donors 2.1%. (Theodore Sy, M. and Mazen Jamal 2006).
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10. Result and Discussion
The result of this study was higher than those previously done studies among blood donors in Gondar hospital of blood bank 2.33% (Baye Gelaw and Yohannes Mengistu 2008) but lower than a study conducted in Felege Hiwot referral hospital, North West Ethiopia which was 13.3 % . ( Azene Dessie, Bayeh Abera, Fisseha Wale).
The differences were due to variations in geographical distribution as well as population differences in terms of lifestyle, awareness, sensitivity and specificity of tests.
07-Feb-17
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11. Result and Discussion
In this study there was no co-infection by hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV) observed.
some authors found an inhibition of hepatitis B virus by hepatitis C virus (endword L. et al., 2001)
This is supported by other similar study conducted in Amhara and Tigray Regional States
(Baye Gelaw and Yohannes Mengistu 2008)
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12. Result and Discussion Sero prevalence and Risk factors
There was a statistically significant association observed b/n sharp injury and prevalence of the viruses. the P-value (AOR=4.06( )) .
More over history of teeth extraction also had statistically significant association with prevalence of the viruses P-value (AOR=3.36(1.1-10))
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13. Conclusion and Recommendation
The sero prevalence of HBsAg and HCV anti-body among the blood donors in the hospitals was high
This might increase risk of transmission to other healthy individuals.
Predictors of HBsAg and HCV anti-body prevalence among blood donors were history of sharp injury and teeth extraction
Preventive measure should be taken in order to minimize exposure to sharp injury
While tooth extracting care should be taken
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14. References
References.docx