1. Cellular Energy
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2. Outline of Notes
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3. Outline of Notes
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4. What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
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5. Why do cells need energy?
To Grow
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6. Why do cells need energy?
To Move
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7. Why do cells need energy?
To Grow & Reproduce
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8. Why do cells need energy?
To Repair Themselves
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9. Why do cells need energy?
To Metabolize
(perform chemical reactions)
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10. What is Energy?
Every cell makes energy in the form of a chemical called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
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11. Our ATP is made from the food we eat.

12. Since plants can’t eat to get food, they make their own food by using sunlight. This food is a sugar called glucose.
(the same sugar we use for energy!)

13. Plants can then break glucose down into ATP (just like us!)

14. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
The ENERGY Molecule
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15. What is ATP?
ATP is like gasoline for your cell because it is stored energy waiting to be used for action.
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16. What is ATP? Chemical compound made by the mitochondria. 16
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17. What is ATP? Stores (makes)energy by making bonds (adding P’s) 17
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18. What is ATP? Releases (uses) energy by breaking bonds
Stores (makes)energy by making bonds (adding P’s)
Releases (uses) energy by breaking bonds
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19. ATP: Stored Energy P P
Tri-Phosphate
Adenosine
Adenosine

20. Cell Breaks the Bond P P
Tri-Phosphate
Adenosine
Adenosine

21. Energy is released! P P
Di-Phosphate
Adenosine
Adenosine

23. 2-step Process cells use to get energy:
FOOD: GLUCOSE
Plants get it from photosynthesis.
Animals get it from eating.
ENERGY: ATP
Plants AND Animals use
Cellular Respiration to make ATP

24. Outline of Notes
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25. Photosynthesis
BIG PICTURE: PLANTS use sunlight to make sugar (glucose = C6H12O6).
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26. Photosynthesis Called “Photosynthesis” because “photo” means light 26
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27. Photosynthesis
What do plants need?
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28. Photosynthesis What do plants need? Light Water Carbon Dioxide
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29. Photosynthesis
What do plants make?
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30. Photosynthesis What do plants make? Glucose (food) Oxygen (waste) 30
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31. Photosynthesis Let’s think about it Photosynthesis Equation:
Reactants (needed) → Products (made)
Light + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
(energy) (glucose)
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32. Chloroplast Structure
Organelle where Photosynthesis happens: Chloroplast
Filled with chlorophyll (green pigment—absorbs light)
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33. Chloroplast Structure
Microscope
3-D Chloroplast (real chloroplast)
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34. Chloroplast Structure
Thylakoids: “pancakes”
Stroma:
space around thylakoids
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38. Outline of Notes
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39. Cellular Respiration
BIG PICTURE: turn food (glucose) into usable energy (ATP)
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40. Why “Respiration?”
Called Respiration (like breathing) because it usually needs oxygen.
Respiratory System
Respirator

41. Energy Needs
To make energy, you have to do 2 things: 1. Eat! (glucose) 2. Breathe! (oxygen)

42. I am an exception to the rule!
Plant food…
But…plants can’t eat! Remember, they make their own food by using photosynthesis!
I am an exception to the rule!

43. Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Cellular Respiration
Let’s think about it
Equation
Reactants (needed) → Products (made)
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
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44. Mitochondria Organelle where Cell Respiration happens: Mitochondria 44
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45. Mitochondria Structure
Matrix (space)
Cristae (“Teeth”)
More teeth = makes more energy
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46. Mitochondria Structure
Mitochondria are made of two membranes. The inner membrane is highly folded.
Microscope
3-D Chloroplast (real mitochondria)
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47. Chemical reactions happen on surfaces
Chemical reactions happen on surfaces. The folds (cristae) increase the mitochondria’s surface area--allows more chemical reactions (more ATP.)

48. There are two types of cellular respiration.
They are used to make energy in different situations…

49. The 2 Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
“Aer” = air (uses oxygen)
Used for Light activity or Rest

50. The 2 Types of Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Very Efficient (makes 36 ATP per glucose)—like getting 36 mpg in your car.
Like a hybrid car—wimpy, but efficient

51. The 2 Types of Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
“An” = no air (does not use Oxygen)
Heavy Exercise (strenuous or continuous)

52. The 2 Types of Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Not Efficient (inefficient)—
makes only 2-4 ATP per glucose.
Like a diesel truck—powerful, but inefficient

53. The 2 Types of Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Same as “Fermentation”
In your body: creates lactic acid—makes muscles feel sore.
In yeast: creates alcohol + =

55. Putting it all together
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are cyclic (meaning that one needs the other).
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56. Review