1. Physical Equilibrium

2. Relate the concept of equilibrium to physical and chemical systems.
Include: conditions necessary to achieve eqlbm.
Additional KEY Terms
Closed system Dynamic equilibrium
Macroscopic

3. aA + bB cC + dD
Kinetic Region
Equilibrium Region
Concentration te

4. FEW reactions end with NO reactants and 100% product.
Kinetics applies to the speed of a reaction.
Equilibrium applies to the extent of a reaction.
2 Na (aq) + Cl2 (aq) NaCl (aq)
2 H2O (g) O2 (g) H2 (g)
FEW reactions end with NO reactants and 100% product.
Many reactions proceed in both directions “Reversible”

6. Balance is (dynamic) equilibrium liquid-vapour equilibrium
CLOSED CONTAINER:
1. As more molecules become vapour, the more molecules collide with surface and condense.
2. As evaporation increases - condensation increases until there is a balance.
Balance is (dynamic) equilibrium
liquid-vapour equilibrium

7. Dynamic equilibrium exists when the rate of the forward process is equal to the rate of the reverse process.
H2O (l) H2O (g)
Equilibrium will be reached only with:
Reversible reaction
Sealed container
Constant condition
closed system

8. Saturated solution:
A saturated solution is in equilibrium between the undissolved solute and the dissolved solute.
Known as solubility equilibrium.
C6H12O6(s) C6H12O6(aq)

9. Any reversible physical process, in which the rate of the forward process is equal to the rate of the reverse process, is known as physical equilibrium.
Other examples of physical equilibria include:
Vapour Pressure
Solubility
Solid-liquid (melting point)
Liquid-vapour (boiling point)

10. Chemical Equilibrium

11. - constant macroscopic properties -
Car exhaust:
2 NO2 (g) N2O4 (g)
smog
smog
At equilibrium (te):
Rate of the forward reaction EQUALS the rate of the reverse reaction – indefinitely.
2. Concentrations of both reactants and products will be CONSTANT – not same, but constant.
- constant macroscopic properties -

12. aA + bB cC + dD
Equilibrium Region
Kinetic Region

13. aA + bB cC + dD Chemical equilibrium:
Kinetic Region
Equilibrium Region
Chemical equilibrium:
State where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time because the rates of the forward reaction equal the reverse reaction.

14. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
Relate the concept of equilibrium to physical and chemical systems.
Include: conditions necessary to achieve eqlbm.
Additional KEY Terms
Closed system Dynamic equilibrium
Macroscopic