1. EHNANCING SYNERGIES BETWEEN
LIVELIHOOD PROTECTION AND PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS TO BOOST RWESILIENCE IN SOUTH SUDAN
Ousmane Badiane
Director for Africa

2. OUTLINE The growth and vulnerability challenge
Typology and impact of livelihood interventions
Scope for synergy between growth and protection interventions

3. THE SEARCH FOR INCREASED RESILIENCE
STRATEGIC CHALLENGE
Fighting vulnerability in the context of low growth, high poverty and tight budget
Treating livelihood protection programs as investment, not entitlement
POLICY RESPONSE
Foster synergy between social services and productivity enhancing investments
Understand complementarities and trade-offs
Exploit growth effects of social services
ULTIMATE GOAL
Accelerate long term growth
While meeting short term social needs

4. MITIGATING POVERTY IMPACT WHILE RAISING PRODUCTIVITY
Productive but poor*
(Chronic Vulnerability)
Productive and non poor
(Resilient livelihoods)
Agricultural productivity
Non productive and poor
(Chronic vulnerability)
Non productive but non poor**
(Threatened livelihoods)
Inverse of poverty or hunger ratio
*) Producers of low value products or in constrained environment (short, rainfed productive season)
**) Communities that relies on government or outside safety nets for their livelihoods

5. MITIGATING POVERTY IMPACT WHILE RAISING PRODUCTIVITY
Strategy 4
Productive but poor
Productive and non poor
Agricultural productivity
Strategy 1
Strategy 2
Non productive and poor
Non productive but non poor
Strategy 3
Inverse of poverty or hunger ratio
Productive strategies 1 and 2 invest in productivity raising programs
Livelihood strategies 3 and 4 invest in poverty / hunger safety nets

6. MITIGATING POVERTY IMPACT WHILE RAISING PRODUCTIVITY
Strategy 4
Productive but poor
Productive and non poor
Agricultural productivity
Strategy 1
Strategy 2
Non productive and poor
Non productive but non poor
Strategy 3
Inverse of poverty or hunger ratio
Productive strategies 1 and 2 invest in productivity raising programs
Livelihood strategies 3 and 4 invest in poverty / hunger safety nets
Enhanced Strategy combines 3 and 2 or 1 and 4

7. Household Typology and Social Protection Programs
Source: Getaw Tadesse (2018)

8. Farm Land Productivity and Changes In Health Status
Elasticity of marginal productivity of land with respect to long term illness
Tanzania
Source: Allen, Badiane, Sene and Ulimwengu (2014)

9. Farm Labor Productivity and Changes In Health Status
Elasticity of marginal productivity of labor with respect to long term illness
Tanzania
Source: Allen, Badiane, Sene and Ulimwengu (2014)

10. Health Services Expenditure and Changes In Health Status
Elasticity of health status with respect to household health expenditures
Uganda
Source: Badiane and Ulimwengu (2013)

11. Health Services Expenditure and Farm HH Efficiency
Uganda
Effect of 10 % Increase in Health Expense Categories on Farm Efficiency
Consultation
expenses
Drug
Expenses
Hospitalization expenses
Malaria Control
1.08
0.60
0.63
Overall Disease
3.08
0.81
1.90
Source: Badiane and Ulimwengu (2013)

12. Effects of Health Insurance and Education Expenses on Farm Output
Effect of 15% increase in expenses on household farm output
Source: Ulimwengu and Makombe (2015)

13. Health Services Expenditure and Farm HH Efficiency
Effect of 10% increase in health expenses on efficiency of poor and non-poor HH
All Diseases - Uganda
Source: Badiane, Sene and Ulimwengu (Mimeo)

14. Health Services Expenditure and Farm HH Efficiency
Effect of 10% increase in health expenses on efficiency of poor and non-poor HH
Malaria - Uganda
Source: Badiane, Sene and Ulimwengu (Mimeo)

15. EFFECTS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY
Source: Badiane and Ulimwengu (2010)

16. NON SYNERGISTIC / NON CONVERGENT PRODUCTIVITY INVESTMENTS60 50 40 30 20 10
Community is faced with low productivity level (20)
Goal is to double productivity through targeted investments to 40

17. Productivity Investments
NON SYNERGISTIC / NON CONVERGENT PRODUCTIVITY INVESTMENTS
Productivity 60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Productivity Investments

18. Social Sector Investments
NON SYNERGISTIC / NON CONVERGENT SOCIAL INVESTMENTS
Livelihood 60 50 40 30 20 10
Community is faced with low livelihood / resilience level (20)
Goal is to double livelihood / resilience through targeted social investments to 40
Social Sector Investments

19. Social Sector Investments
NON SYNERGISTIC / NON CONVERGENT SOCIAL INVESTMENTS
Livelihood
Livelihood 60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Social Sector Investments

20. NON SYNERGISTIC / NON CONVERGENT INVESTMENTS
Livelihood
Productivity
Each set of investment may reach their separate goals
But same outcomes could be achieved at lower cost
Or better outcomes for same cost 60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Productivity Investments
Social Sector Investments

21. SYNERGISTIC / CONVERGENT INVESTMENTS
Livelihood
Productivity
More beneficiaries can be reached
Progress achieved faster
Fiscal resources stretched further 60 50 40 30 20 10 60 50 40 30 20 10
Scope for
synergy

22. THE CASE FOR GREATER SYNERGY
BETWEEN SOCIAL SAFETY NETS AND PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
The most effective way to reduce poverty and vulnerability is to raise the productivity of resources poor people depend on for their livelihoods 1
Protection without promotion is not sustainable
Limited access to social services is the combined outcome of low household productivity, scarce fiscal resources, poor delivery, and obstacles to access 2
Social expenditures need to go beyond entitlement to aid growth
ALL SAFETY NET PROGRAMS CAN BE DESIGNED TO DELIVER BUNDLES OF GOODS AND SERVICES THAT ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY AND BOOST GROWTH FOR GREATER IMPACT, SCALE AND SUSTAINABILITY

23. THANK YOU