1. Transitions, Topic and Closing Sentences

2. Topic Sentence Is the first sentence of the paragraph
Should grab the reader’s attention
Is a statement that tells what your paragraph will be about

3. A good topic sentence does two things:
Helps you stay focused on the topic of your paragraph
Helps the reader know what your paragraph will be about

4. How to write a topic sentence
Think about your main idea
What is the point of your paragraph?

5. Closing Sentence What is a closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph and ends the paragraph smoothly
What does the closing sentence do?
It restates the main idea of the paragraph using different words

6. Signal words for closing sentences:
When you write your concluding sentence, you may want to use signal words to show your reader that you are ending your paragraph, but you do not have to use signal words. Your options are below:
In conclusion,
In summary, (for summary)
In short, (for summary)
To summarize (for summary)
In my opinion, (for opinion)

7. Transition words and phrases
Using transitional words and phrases helps papers read more smoothly, and at the same time allows the reader to flow more smoothly from one point to the next
Transitions can be used to transition from one paragraph to another
Transitions can be used within a paragraph to transition from one sentence to another

8. Addition: also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, similarly
Consequence: accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, hence, otherwise, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, thereupon, wherefore
Contrast and Comparison: contrast, by the same token, conversely, instead, likewise, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast
Direction: here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above, to the left, to the right, in the distance

9. Diversion: by the way, incidentally
Emphasis above all, chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly
Exception: aside from, barring, beside, except, excepting, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of, save
Exemplifying: chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, markedly, namely, particularly, including, specifically, such as
Generalizing: as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually
Illustration: for example, for instance, for one thing, as an illustration, illustrated with, as an example, in this case

10. Similarity: comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similar, moreover, together with
Restatement: in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, in short, in brief, to put it differently
Sequence: at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion, with this in mind,
Summarizing: after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally
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