1. Elliptical-Gerund Object prep 1
A noun that is formed by adding –ing to a verb.

2. While I was pushing the car, I ripped my coat. 2
Elliptical clause is an adverb clause from which the subject and part of the verb have been omitted.
While I was pushing the car, I ripped my coat.
While pushing the car, I ripped my coat.
If your introductory word group has a subject to explain whom or what it is about, you do not need to explain this again in the main statement that follows it.—Elliptical clause or a Gerund used as an object of a prepositional phrase.

3. Between For After Without Except Since Upon About By Before Until Of
List of prepositions
Between For After
Without Except Since
Upon About By
Before Until Of

4. Dave watched the men work, and he learned about motors.
To talk about actions, we must give them names. We give actions names by adding –ing to verbs, thus changing the verbs into nouns which we call by the special name of gerunds.
Weak compound sentences can be improved by changing one of the sentences into a gerund phrase used as the object of a preposition.
Model:
Weak (PCL) sentences:
Dave watched the men work, and he learned about motors.
By watching the men work, Dave learned about motors.

5. Jerry has an annoying habit, and it is slamming doors.
Weak compound sentences can be improved by changing one of the sentences into a gerund phrase used as the object of a preposition.
Model:
Jerry has an annoying habit, and it is slamming doors.

6. Jerry has an annoying habit of slamming doors.
Weak compound sentences can be improved by changing one of the sentences into a gerund phrase used as the object of a preposition.
Jerry has an annoying habit of slamming doors.

7. The customer didn’t wait for his change, and he left the store.
All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma. The gerund phrase used as an object of a preposition that starts a sentence must have a comma.
The customer didn’t wait for his change, and he left the store.

8. Without waiting for his change, the customer left the store.
All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma. The gerund phrase used as an object of a preposition that starts a sentence must have a comma.
Without waiting for his change, the customer left the store.

9. All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma
All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma. The gerund phrase used as an object of a preposition that starts a sentence must have a comma.
1. I consulted a number of people, and I decided to become a chemist.
Paul didn’t put on the parking brake, and he parked the car on a steep hill.

10. All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma
All clauses and phrases that start a sentence will have a comma. The gerund phrase used as an object of a preposition that starts a sentence must have a comma.
1. After consulting a number of people, I decided to become a chemist. 2. Without putting on the parking brake, Paul parked the car on a steep hill.

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3.Beth had not yet completed her commercial course, and she was offered a good job. 4.The class studied the vocabulary words one more time, and all but two students passed the vocabulary quiz. 5.The two children got many drinks of water and went to the bathroom, and they stayed up 45 minutes past bedtime. 6. I stayed out past curfew, and I got grounded.

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3.Before completing her commercial course, Beth was offered a good job. 4.Upon studying the vocabulary words one more time, all but two students passed the quiz. 5.By getting many drinks of water and going to the bathroom, the two children stayed up 45 minutes past bedtime. 6.After staying out past curfew, I got grounded.