1. Psychology in Everyday Life
David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall
Psychology in Everyday Life
Third Edition
Chapter 13
Psychological Disorders
Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

2. Table Percentage of Americans Reporting Certain Psychological Disorders in the Past Year David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

3. Researchers surveyed Dutch people to identify the most common events or objects they feared. A strong fear becomes a phobia if it provokes a compelling but irrational desire to avoid the dreaded object or situation. (From Depla et al., 2008.)
Figure Some common and uncommon specific fears David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

4. Table 13. 2 When Is Drug Use a Disorder. David G. Myers and C
Table When Is Drug Use a Disorder? David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

5. Figure 13. 2 Drug tolerance David G. Myers and C
Figure Drug tolerance David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

6. Daniel Hommer, NIAAA, NIH, HHS
MRI scans show brain shrinkage in women with alcohol use disorder (left) compared with women in a control group (right).
Figure Alcohol use disorder shrinks the brain David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

7. Table 13. 3 Warning Signs of Alcohol Use Disorder David G. Myers and C
Table Warning Signs of Alcohol Use Disorder David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

8. Nicotine reaches the brain within 7 seconds, twice as fast as intravenous heroin. Within minutes, the amount in the blood soars.
Figure Where there’s smoke : The physiological effects of nicotine David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

9. Table The Odds of Getting Hooked After Trying Various Drugs David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

10. Figure 13. 5 Cocaine euphoria and crash David G. Myers and C
Figure Cocaine euphoria and crash David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

11. From Hallucinations by Ronald K
From Hallucinations by Ronald K. Siegel, Scientific American 237, (1977
People under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs often see “a bright light in the center of the field of vision The location of this point of light create[s] a tunnel-like perspective” (Siegel, 1977). This is very similar to others’ reported near-death experiences.
Figure Hallucination or near-death vision? David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

12. Table A Guide to Selected Psychoactive Drugs David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

13. The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who said they had used alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine during the past 30 days peaked in the late 1970s. (From Johnston et al., 2013.)
Figure Trends in drug use David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

14. Table 13. 6 Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder David G. Myers and C
Table Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

15. Table 13. 7 Percentage Answering Yes When Asked “Have You Cried Today
Table Percentage Answering Yes When Asked “Have You Cried Today?” David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

16. Interviews with 89,037 adults in 18 countries (10 of which are shown here) confirm what many smaller studies have found. Women’s risk of major depression is nearly double that of men’s (Bromet et al., 2011).
Figure Gender and major depression David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

17. Researchers used data from studies of identical and fraternal twins to estimate the heritability of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (Bienvenu et al., 2011).
Figure The heritability of various psychological disorders David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

18. Courtesy of Drs. Lewis Baxter and Michael E
Courtesy of Drs. Lewis Baxter and Michael E. Phelps, UCLA School of Medicine
PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with the patient’s emotional switches. Red areas are where the brain is using energy most rapidly.
Figure The ups and downs of bipolar disorder David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

19. Figure 13. 11 Outlook and depression David G. Myers and C
Figure Outlook and depression David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

20. Cognitive therapists attempt to break this cycle, as we will see in Chapter 14, by changing the way depressed people process events. Psychiatrists prescribe medication to try to alter the biological roots of persistently depressed moods.
Figure The vicious cycle of depressed thinking David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

21. The lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia varies for family members of a person with this disorder. The closer the genetic relationship, the higher the risk. Across countries, barely more than 1 in 10 fraternal twins, but some 5 in 10 identical twins, share a schizophrenia diagnosis. (Adapted from Gottesman, 2001.)
Figure Risk of developing schizophrenia David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

22. Levels of the stress hormone adrenaline were measured in two groups of 13-year-old Swedish boys. In both stressful and nonstressful situations, those who would later be convicted of a crime (as 18- to 26-year-olds) showed relatively low arousal as 13-year-olds. (From Magnusson, 1990.)
Figure Cold-blooded arousability and risk of crime David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall: Psychology in Everyday Life, Third Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers