1. Ch.15 Lesson 1 CRISIS!
EQ: Explain the Missouri compromise, the Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

2. REVIEW…..YOU DON’T HAVE TO WRITE THIS IN YOUR NOTES: Different Paths
NORTH
SOUTH
Economy based on industry and commerce
Larger population with more immigrants and no slavery
Northern Easterners often moved West, and rail roads ran east and west creating strong ties with Northeast and Midwestern states
Economy based on agriculture
Smaller population with less immigrants, large slave population
A few wealthy plantation owners controlled Southern society
Huge profits from labor of slaves and successful farms, so little invested in industry

3. Missouri Compromise of 1820
Missouri wanted statehood, this would make # of slave/free states uneven
Henry Clay created Missouri Compromise – admitting Missouri as slave state and Maine as free state
Missouri Compromise important because it maintained balance of power between free and slave states
Called for slavery to be banned in Louisiana Territory north of Missouri’s southern border.

4. The Wilmot Proviso
North afraid South would try to make lands gained from war with Mexico slave territory
To stop this, a bill, the Wilmot Proviso, was introduced to ban slavery in any territory US acquired from War with Mexico in 1846
South feared Northern Congress members were attempting to abolish slavery with Wilmot Proviso bill, and prevented it from passing
David Wilmot

5. Slave or Free State? Slave State Texas wanted to join Union
debates held about whether they would join as free or slave states
Texas entered as slave state in 1845
FYI: Florida had entered that same year as a slave state and then Iowa and Wisconsin came in as free states.
Slave State

6. What About California? Most Californians wanted to be free state
CA couldn’t gain statehood without approval of congress
If CA joined as free state, slave states would be outnumbered by the free states
FREE STATE

7. The Compromise of 1850
With South discussing leaving Union, Henry Clay created another compromise
Compromise of 1850 said:
California admitted as free state
Buying and selling slaves outlawed in Washington D.C. (nation’s capital)
Congress passed stronger laws to help recapture runaway slaves
Congress would not pass laws about slavery on rest of territories won from Mexico

8. Henry Clay’s Plan
Many on both sides felt they give up too much with Compromise of 1850
Clay’s MAIN GOAL was to keep Union together (stop South from breaking away from Union)
Within 5 months the plan succeeded, passing Congress, and became law…… keeping the Union together for now
Henry Clay

9. Daniel Webster
Senator from Massachusetts who Supported/fought for Compromise of 1850
Webster believed it was essential to keep Union together
Gave many speeches arguing against the breaking up of the Union
Daniel Webster

10. John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Senator from South Carolina
believed the South had the right to secede (leave the Union)
leader in fight for state’s rights
didn't like federal tariff taxes that only benefited North, considered tariffs unfair
believed laws could be declared unconstitutional by individual states
against Compromise of because slaves were personal property Congress could not tell them what to do in regards to slaves/slavery
John C. Calhoun

11. Fugitive Slave Act
1850 Law that helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves.
Southerners justified law because slaves were property
Northerners resented law – required them to help recapture runaways
Fined if didn’t cooperate and jailed if assisting runaways.

12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book written by Stowe in 1852 Popular in the North
Portrayed the moral issues of slavery through the book’s main actor Uncle Tom.
Popular in the North
South felt it falsely criticized the South and slavery

13. Kansas- Nebraska Act
1854 Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposes bill to organize Nebraska territory by dividing it into two parts: Kansas and Nebraska
Suggests the issue of slavery be settled by popular sovereignty which will repeal the Missouri Compromise.
Popular Sovereignty = system where residents vote to decide on an issue.
Southerners support Bill and became known as Kansas-Nebraska Act.

14. “Bleeding Kansas”
March 1855 – at time of election more proslavery than antislavery settlers in territory
5 thousand Proslavery Missourians came to vote illegally. –So, Antislavery settlers boycott election and formed own government
May – a proslavery mob attacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas.

15. John Brown Extreme abolitionist
Takes revenge – Brown and 7others kill 5 people in the Pottawatomie Massacre.
Civil War broke out for 3 years
Territory became known as Bleeding Kansa.

16. Violence in Congress Preston Brooks attacks Senator Charles Sumner.
Story ?