1. Is fire a physical or chemical change?

2. Chemical reactions: reactant(s) product(s) oxygen + gasoline
Carbon dioxide + water vapour + energy (heat and light)
oxygen + wood
oxygen + hydrocarbon

3. Chemistry Review Matter Pure substances Mixtures Compounds Elements
made of 2 or more pure substances
Made of only one kind of particle
Elements
Compounds
Made of only one kind of atom
Made from 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
sodium chloride (NaCl)
iron oxide (FeO)
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Gold (Au)
Sodium (Na)
calcium (Ca)

4. Chemistry Review Matter Pure substances Mixtures Solutions
made of 2 or more pure substances
Made of only one kind of particle
Mixtures
Mechanical mixtures
Two or more visible phases
Solutions
One visible phase
solid – metal alloys (steel, karat gold) liquid – coffee with cream, milk and gaseous - air
Concrete, marbles and sand, pizza!
Phase: describes the appearance of a region of matter

5. Atoms and Molecules
Elements are composed of single atoms that are all the same
Some special elements such as oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen exist as molecules – O2, H2, N2
Molecules are particles that consist of 2 or more atoms bonded together
Compounds are molecules of different sizes
H2O, NaCl, which are small molecules
C12H24O12, which is larger (table sugar, sucrose)

6. And some are VERY large!

7. Periodic Table of the Elements
Group or family
period

8. Atomic Structure
Each element has unique physical and chemical properties
This is based on the number of each kind of subatomic particle it is composed of:
Positively charged particles in the nucleus
Protons (1 amu)
Negatively charged particles in a cloud around the nucleus
Electrons (1/2000 amu)
Neutral particles in the nucleus
Neutrons (1 amu)

9. Atomic structure
The Periodic Table contains a lot of information about each element.
Using the key included on each Periodic Table will help you find that information. 4
Atomic number Be
Chemical symbol 9
Atomic mass

10. Be 9 4 5 Beryllium Standard atomic notation: chemical symbol
number of protons
first letter is always uppercase and the second letter is lowercase 9 Be
number of electrons 4
atomic number
mass number or atomic mass 5
Equals the mass of protons plus the mass of the neutrons
chemical family
metals
number of neutrons

11. Bohr-Rutherford diagram2 8 8
Which element is this?
phosphorus

12. Bohr Rutherford diagramsp n

14. beryllium 4p 5n

15. Name of molecule
Number of atoms
Cl2
chlorine 2 H2
hydrogen O2
oxygen

16. sodium hydrogen carbon oxygen
Compound
Compound Name
Elements present
# of atoms of each element
H2O
water
hydrogen oxygen 2 1
CO2
carbon dioxide
carbon oxygen
NaHCO3
sodium bicarbonate
sodium hydrogen carbon oxygen 3
NaCl
sodium chloride
sodium chlorine

17. Compound
Compound Name
Elements present
# of atoms of each element
H2O2
hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen oxygen 2
NaF
sodium fluoride
sodium fluorine 1
CaCl2
calcium chloride
calcium chlorine
Al2O3
aluminum oxide
aluminum oxygen 3

18. Chemical Change
In a chemical change the reactants will become new products with new physical and chemical properties
There are 4 indicators of a chemical change:

19. Heat or light is given off…

20. …a new colour appears …

21. … a gas is produced…

22. … a solid (a precipitate) forms in a liquid

23. Physical Change State some properties of matter: State Colour Clarity
Crystal form
Lustre
Hardness
Malleability etc

24. Physical Change
Physical changes do not result in a new substance being made
Example – the three states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
heat
heat
No matter the state it’s still water! – it just goes through a change of state

25. Physical Change
Solubility – e.g. salt dissolves in water to make “salt water” – the salt particles spread apart in the water but they remain salt (nothing new is formed)

26. Burning candle
Chemical Change – wax is the fuel that produces heat and light, carbon dioxide and water vapour
Physical change – wax melts when it gets hot and solidifies when it gets cold

27. Physical (P) or Chemical (P) change Reason
Description
Physical (P) or Chemical (P) change
Reason
Hardboiled egg C
New colour, new texture, change in clarity
Clear green liquid is mixed with a clear colourless liquid and a solid blue substance appears
New colour precipitate forms
Sugar in coffee P
solubility
Metal placed in acid and bubbles of gas appear
bubbles of gas

29. Hazardous Household Product Symbols
caution
flammable
warning
explosive
danger
corrosive
poisonous

30. WHMIS International system
Needed because the materials used in the workplace are often much more dangerous than those used in homes
Workplace
Hazardous
Materials
Information
System

31. WHMIS
Poisonous and infectious material causing immediate and serious toxic effects
Oxidizing material
Flammable and combustible material
Compressed gas
Dangerously reactive material
Corrosive material
Material causing other serious toxic effects
Biohazardous and infectious material

32. MSDS Material safety data sheet
Every hazardous product must be labeled and an MSDS sheet provided by the manufacturer
Product label

33. Material safety data sheet