1. New Deals and New Parties

2. The “New Deal”
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) became U.S. president in 1932, introduced “New Deal”
FDR’s New Deal:
Government intervention in the economy (public works)
Better welfare for the unemployed and poor,
Change the banking system
Also reduced trade tariffs to restore international trade

3. Canadian PM R.B. Bennett,
a staunch conservative and capitalist, eventually realized he needed to do something too.
promises to introduce:
progressive taxation,
stronger labour laws,
unemployment insurance, etc.

4. Despite his last minute promises, Bennett lost 1935 election to Mackenzie King and the Liberals.

5. The New Parties

6. Conservative and the Liberal parties (w/ exception of Progressive Party during the 1920s)
New parties now began to form, mainly regional in nature

7. CCF (Cooperative Commonwealth Federation)
Led by J.S. Woodsworth
Canada’s first socialist political party (HS)
Founded in Calgary
Rejected capitalism
Methodist Minister

8. 1933- The Regina Manifesto outlined the party platform:
Replace pure capitalism with a system of government planning and services
Government would take over certain institutions, industries and create pensions, health insurance, unemployment insurance, worker’s compensation, etc.
Eventually, the CCF became the NDP
Change to NDP occurs in 1961

9. Social Credit Party Right wing party (Provincial) Also from Alberta
Founded by “Bible Bill” Aberhart

10. Won the 1935 provincial election in Alberta
The Social Credit party felt the problem was that people didn’t have enough money to spend, so the government should give everyone $25/month to stimulate the economy.
Won the 1935 provincial election in Alberta
Accurate News and Information Act, would have forced newspapers to print government rebuttals to stories the Executive Council (cabinet) objected to.
Funny Money: The Government couldn’t afford to give citizens real money, so they made up their own.
Held power until 1971

11. Union Nationale
In Quebec, Maurice Duplessis founded U.N. in 1935 to fight the depression
Mainly conservative with some former liberals, Quebec nationalists
Supported by medium sized businesses, non-union labour, and the Catholic Church

12. Duplessis ruled ‘with an iron fist’
1936- Duplessis won landslide provincial election and basically controlled Quebec until 1959
Duplessis ruled ‘with an iron fist’
Became a friend of big business
Defended the Catholic church
Fought anyone he thought was his enemy
Even allowed Quebec workers to be exploited by American companies.

13. Created the ‘padlock’ law—allowed him to close any building suspected of being used for ‘communist meetings’
Used ‘communist’ to mean anyone opposed to him or his policies.