1. Finishing up Formalism
What did you think of it? Did you not understand something?
Did you complete a Formalist reading? Can you analyze the characters, symbols, metaphors, similes, and any other schemes and tropes?
Do you think the children realize what they have done to their parents? Explain your answer.
___ Parents should control all of their children’s choices.
___ Technology is a threat to humanity.
___Freedom over structure is better for children.
___ Technology makes people lazy or disconnected.
___Children are naturally more savage than adults.

2. Today: Children spend a great deal of time playing video games.
Early 1950s: The minimum wage is $0.75 per hour. What is it today?
Early 1950s: Approximately 23.5 percent of American households own a television set. All sets are black and white.
Today: Ninety−eight percent of American households have a television and of these, 76 percent have more than one. Ninety−nine percent of all televisions owned are color televisions. High definition and plasma televisions are now available.
Early 1950s: American children play with the Slinky toy and the Candyland board game.
Today: Children spend a great deal of time playing video games.
What about books? Magazines?

3. Psychology? Psychoanalysis?
Early 1950s: Treating children through psychoanalytic techniques is a new practice. The main interest in using these techniques on youngsters is sparked by the publication of Anna Freud's The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children in It is several years before the practice is widely adopted.
Today: Child psychology is a well−established field that can be studied in major universities across the country. Some psychoanalytic techniques are still in use in the field.

4. What was going on in the author’s unconscious?
To know what psychoanalysis is.
To understand the importance psychoanalysis can play in analyzing literature.
To be able to analyze a piece of literature using psychoanalytical, formalist and archetypal theory.
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious

5. Freudian; Ego; Unconscious
To know what psychoanalysis is.
Psychoanalytical criticism is a type of criticism that uses theories of psychology to analyze literature. It focuses on the author’s state of mind or the state of the mind of fictional characters.
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious

6. To know what psychoanalysis is.
Psychoanalytical criticism originated in the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud’s theories are concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. According to Freud, the human mind consists of three parts: the id, the ego and superego.
The id is source of our instinctual and physical desires – usually sexual.
The superego is the part of the psyche that has internalized the norms and mores of society. Keeps the id under control.
The ego is keeps mediating between the demands of the id and the superego. It is rational, logical, and conscious. Things are repressed.

7. “Freudian” Questions to Ask:
To know what psychoanalysis is.
To understand the importance psychoanalysis can play in analyzing literature.
“Freudian” Questions to Ask:
What is the character’s “id” all about?
What is the opposing “superego” telling the character to do?
How is the character’s “ego” trying to hold it together?

8. Freudian; Ego; Unconscious
To know what psychoanalysis is.
To understand the importance psychoanalysis can play in analyzing literature.
We often repress what the id encourages us to think and do because the ego and superego tell us not to think and do; therefore, it forces these unacceptable wishes into the unconscious. All of us have repressed wishes and fears.
Repressed desires emerge in disguised forms: dreams and language (slips). They emerge in symbolic form that require analysis to reveal their meaning.
Many elements of psychology that Freud described appear in literary works.
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious

9. Freudian; Ego; Unconscious
To know what psychoanalysis is.
To understand the importance psychoanalysis can play in analyzing literature.
Freudian Literary Criticism
Freudian critics try to understand how the operations of repression structure or inform the work of literature (or film)?
They pay close attention to unconscious motives and feelings, whether these be those of the author, or of the characters depicted in the work.
They demonstrate the presence in the literary work of classic psychoanalytic symptoms or conditions.
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious

10. Look for symbols relevant to death and sexuality
What unconscious motives are operating in the main characters? What is being repressed? Remember that the unconscious mind consists of repressed wounds, fears, unresolved conflicts, and guilty desires.
Is it possible to relate a character’s patterns of adult behavior to early experiences in the family (as represented in the story)? What do these behavior patterns and family dynamics reveal?
How can characters’ behavior, narrative events, and/or images be explained in terms of regression, projection, fear of or fascination with death or sexuality?
What images or symbols are substituted for what unconscious repressed, and how? (Remember Thomas Foster’s “It all about sex”!)
Look for symbols relevant to death and sexuality

11. Final questions…
In what ways can we view a literary work as a dream? How might recurrent or striking dream symbols reveal the ways in which the narrator/author is projecting his unconscious desires, fears, wounds, or unresolved conflicts onto other characters or the events portrayed?
…More Than It’s Gonna Hurt You: Concerning Violence
Violence is everywhere in literature, but it takes two forms: specific injuries to specific characters (usually symbolic), and the violence that befalls them to serve the purposes of plot. In either case, the purpose of the violence must be determined. This much is especially in the case of texts renowned for their violent content.
It’s All About Sex…
Look for sneaky ways that authors stick sex in their works (because writing about sex is actually really difficult and often quite clunky). Look for images that could recall sex, in terms of movements, sounds, landforms, actions. …Except Sex… If there’s actual sex in the text (and it isn’t pornography), it’s there to symbolize bigger things: liberation, exploitation, subversion, etc.

12. Oedipus Complex https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/722/04/
Freud argued that both boys and girls wish to possess their mothers, but as they grow older "...they begin to sense that their claim to exclusive attention is thwarted by the mother's attention to the father..." (1016).
Children, Freud maintained, connect this conflict of attention to the intimate relations between mother and father, relations from which the children are excluded. Freud believed that "the result is a murderous rage against the father...and a desire to possess the mother" (1016).
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious

13. Carl Gustav Jung and Jungian literary Criticism
To know what psychoanalysis is.
To understand the importance psychoanalysis can play in analyzing literature.
Carl Gustav Jung and Jungian literary Criticism
Jung developed the theory of the collective unconscious, a collection of shared unconscious memories dating back to the origins of human experience and manifested in dreams, myths, and literature.
A great work of literature is not a disguised expression of repressed wishes, but a manifestation of the desires one held by the whole human race, and now repressed because of the advent of civilization.
Jungian analysis of literature tries to discover the images in a work of literature that a permanent and universal significance.
Id; Superego;
Freudian; Ego; Unconscious