1. Bellwork Let’s review for the quiz:
What is the purpose of the Constitution?
How many articles and amendments are in the Constitution?
What does “amended” mean?
What are ethics and morals?
Did you know? In Hong Kong, a betrayed wife is legally allowed to kill her adulterous husband. Although she may only do this with her bare.

2. Today’s Agenda For the true false questions: True: 1 False: 2
Review for quiz
Take quiz
IF YOU HAVE AN ETHICS/MORALS QUESTIONS, ANSWER WITH ETHICS
For the true false questions: True: 1 False: 2
Finish Bill of Rights poster
Save first to your folder
Save to dropbox
Click “save as”
Choose dropbox
Choose first hour
Click Save

3. Bellwork
You may need to open up your book to chapter 2- page 28, to help answer these questions:
What is the highest court in the U.S. called?
What does “jurisdiction” mean?
If called to be a juror, known as a “jury summons”, are you obligated by law to go?
Did you know? In St. Louis, Missouri, it is illegal for a fireman to rescue a woman if she is wearing only a nightgown. In order for her to be rescued, she must be fully clothed. He himself must be in official fireman's uniform.

4. Types of Courts
Before I forget, on yesterday’s quiz only 8 people got one of the questions right. It was either worded poorly, or I didn’t explain it thoroughly. I gave everyone an extra four points because of this, so your grade in PowerSchool will reflect a higher grade than what you saw…

5. Dual Court System The U.S. system of justice has two parts:
Federal Court System
State Court System

6. Authority to hear a case and make a decision
Jurisdiction
Authority to hear a case and make a decision

7. Federal Jurisdiction Federal courts have jurisdiction over:
Actions in which the U.S. is a party
Cases that raise a federal question
Diversity of Citizenship – Disputes that exceeds $75,000 and involve persons of different states
Admiralty (pertaining to the sea), Patents, Copyrights, and Bankruptcy Cases

8. Federal Court System US District Courts
Original Jurisdiction (power and authority) over most federal cases
There are 94
Power to hear the case in full for the first time
Both civil and criminal cases are heard

9. Federal Court System US Court of Appeals
There are 12 Federal Court of Appeal courts
Appellate jurisdiction
Authority of court to review a decision of a lower court or administrative agency
Appellate Courts have a panel of 3 judges that are responsible for making a decision on the cases
No witnesses are heard, no evidence is presented, and no jury is present
Only questions of law can be raised on appeal, not questions or fact
They ONLY determine whether the lower court correctly applied the law in the circumstance
They must hear all cases because people have an automatic right of appeal after a decision is made in trial court

10. Federal Court System Highest court US Supreme Court
Has both Original and Appellate Jurisdiction
Original jurisdiction
Ambassadors, public ministers, cases in which the state is a party
The court must hear all cases that involve the constitutionality of a federal law
Appellate jurisdiction
At least 4 of its 9 justices must agree which additional cases it will hear from the U.S. court of appeals or the state supreme courts

11. Federal Court System Special US Courts Jurisdiction over special cases
Suits by citizens against federal government
Suits concerning tax disagreements on imported goods
Suits between taxpayers and IRS
Page 32 in your book to fill in blanks on your diagram

12. State Court System Each state has its own system Local Trial Courts
Limited jurisdiction
Authority of a court to hear only one particular type of case, minor matters
Misdemeanors
Civil actions with small amounts of money
Small claims of property damage
Petty cash crimes
Traffic, police, and municipal courts
Juvenile and family disputes

13. State Court System General Trial Courts General jurisdiction
Most counties have one general trial court
Authority of a court to hear a wide range of cases
Types of courts
County Court
Superior Court
Court of Common Pleas
Circuit Courts
Criminal and Civil Cases Court

14. State Court System Intermediate Appellate Courts
These courts hear appeals from courts of general jurisdiction
These appeals may be made if the parties believe they did not have a fair trail in the lower court or that the judge did not properly interpret the law
They hear appeals only on questions of law, not on questions of fact
Instead of hearing witnesses, appeals judges hear oral arguments from attorney and study the documents and records in the case

15. State Court System State Supreme Court Highest court in the state
Decides matters of law appealed from lower courts
They do not retry a case
They decide on whether an error in interpreting or applying the law was made in the lower courts
It chooses the cases to hear

16. State Court System Special Courts Limited jurisdiction
Authority of a court to hear only one particular type of case
Court Cases include:
Probate Cases – cases involving property of deceased persons without a will
Adoption Cases
Traffic Cases
Domestic Relations Cases – cases of abuse between family or household members
Juvenile Cases – cases involving delinquent, unruly, abused, or neglected children (Cases are heard in Juvenile Courts)

17. Juvenile Courts
Have special jurisdiction over delinquent (minor under who has committed an adult crime
Procedures are less formal
Young people have no right to a trail by jury or to be released on bail
Unruly child- a minor who has done something inappropriate that is not considered an adult crime
Neglected or abuse child- homeless, destitute, or without adequate parental care- In this case, the courts may make the child a ward of the state

18. Tim and Moby… The Court System explained in 3 1/2 minutes
Tim and Moby explain it a little bit different than me. Be sure to take notes on new information!
Not enough room on the front? Use the back.

19. What court do these cases belong to?
I will be reading, and displaying 10 cases. As a team (your team is the people at your table), you will decide what court has jurisdiction to hear the case
One person will be deemed the “leader” and will hold up the name of the court that has jurisdiction to hear the case

21. Civil Trial Procedures
Individual files complaint
Complaint – Legal document containing a short and plain statement of the plaintiff’s claim against defendant, first pleading filed in civil cases

22. Civil Trial Procedures
Pleadings
Plaintiff files complaint
Clerk issues summons
Defendant must answer within time limit
Answer is a formal written document admitting or denying complaint

23. Civil Trial Procedures
Methods of Discovery
Bring out facts before a trial
Examples:
Deposition, interrogation, request for admission
Affidavit - documentary evidence
Pretrial Hearing
Informal hearing to simplify issues and discuss matters

24. Civil Trial Procedures
Steps to a Trial
Select a jury
Opening statements
Plaintiff presents evidence
Real evidence is photographs, actual objects, etc.
Witnesses testify
Failure to appear will result in a contempt of court order
Defense presents evidence

25. Civil Trial Procedures
Steps to a Trial (continued)
Closing Arguments
Same order
Instructions to Jury
Statement made by the judge
Verdict
Judgment
Execution of Judgment

26. Criminal Trial Procedures
Arrest of Defendant
Rights of Defendant
Miranda - constitutional right
Bail - Lose money if you don’t appear
Search and Seizure
Must have warrant or permission
Allowed limited search (frisk)
Police can search or impound property if they have reason to believe (probable cause) that something illegal is in the car

27. Due Process of a Juvenile
Held in a detention facility
Separate from criminals
Trial by Judge (not jury)
Name not released if under 16

28. Court Terms
Alternative Dispute Resolution - different tools used by parties to help them settle their disputes without having to go to court
Arrest – Action take when a person is deprived of his or her freedom
Bail – Money or property that is left with the court to assure the court that the person will return to stand a trial. Money is forfeited if person does not appear in court
Contempt of Court – An action that hinders the administration of justice in the court
Diversity of Citizenship – When a resident in one state sues a resident in another state for more than $50,000

29. Court Terms
Ex Parte Injunction – An injunction issued by a judge after hearing only one side of an argument
Indictment – Written accusation issued by the grand jury charging the individual or individuals named in it with a certain crime
Grand Jury – A jury of Inquiry
Precedent – When judge is required to follow an earlier court decision when deciding a case with similar circumstances
Prosecutor – Party that accuses the person of a crime
Statutes – Laws enacted by state or federal legislatures
Statue of Limitations – State laws setting time limit for bringing a lawsuit