1. Animal Science/Dairy Science 434
Reproductive Physiology
Lecture 1: Female Anatomy
Updated:2/19/2019

2. Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
Lecture 1
Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy
Updated:2/19/2019

3. Learning Objectives
To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle.
Structure
Function
Updated:2/19/2019

4. Equine - Horse
Male
Stallion
Female
Mare
Updated:2/19/2019

5. Bovine - Cattle
Male
Bull
Female
Cow
Updated:2/19/2019

6. Ovine - Sheep
Male
Ram
Female
Ewe
Updated:2/19/2019

7. Porcine - Swine - Pig
Male
Boar
Female
Sow
Updated:2/19/2019

8. Avian - Chicken
Male
Rooster
Female
Hen
Updated:2/19/2019

9. Uterine Body Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra
Clitoris
Vulva
Updated:2/19/2019

10. Rectum Uterus Vulva Ovary Vagina Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct
Broad Ligament
Updated:2/19/2019

11. Broad Ligament
connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
Updated:2/19/2019

12. Broad Ligament
mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx
Updated:2/19/2019

13. Ovary - Primary Sex Organ
Functions
Hormonal
Estrogen
Progesterone
Female gamete
Oocyte
Updated:2/19/2019

14. Ovary Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum
Progesterone
Updated:2/19/2019

15. } Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Tunica Albuginea
85% of Ovarian
Cancers
Medulla
Tunica
Albuginea
Blood and lymphatic
Vessels & nerves
Hilus }
Updated:2/19/2019

16. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle
Egg nest
Tertiary
follicle
Atretic follicle
Secondary follicle
Corpus
hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans
Corpus luteum
Updated:2/19/2019

17. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle
Atretic follicle
Secondary follicle
Corpus
hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans
Corpus luteum
Updated:2/19/2019

18. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle
Atretic follicle
Secondary follicle
Corpus
hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans
Corpus luteum
Updated:2/19/2019

19. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle
Atretic follicle
Secondary follicle
Corpus
hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans
Corpus luteum
Updated:2/19/2019

20. Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle
Tertiary follicle
Flattened cells surround oocyte
Follicle Cells
Nucleus
Increase in size of oocyte and height of follicular cells
Ooplasma
Follicular Cells
Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells
Oocyte
Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity
Differentiation of cell layers in the follicle wall
Antrum

21. Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Antrum Theca Interna
(Follicular Fluid)
Theca Interna
Basement
Membrane
Oocyte
Granulosa
Cumulus Oophorus
Updated:2/19/2019

22. Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus
Antrum
Updated:2/19/2019

23. Follicular Blood Supply
Theca interna cells
Basement Membrane
Granulosa cells
Capillary
network
Follicular
fluid
Updated:2/19/2019

24. Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside
Serosa
Submucosa
Longitudinal smooth
muscle layer
Lumen
Circular smooth
muscle layer
Mucosa
Muscularis
Updated:2/19/2019

25. Functions of Oviduct Gamete Transport
Sperm
Oocyte
Supports early embryo development
Transport of embryo to uterus
Updated:2/19/2019

26. Oviduct Ovary Uterine Horn Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction
Ampullary-Isthmic
Junction
Ampulla
Infundibulum
( cm2)
Ostium
Cumulus Oophorus
and Oocyte
Fimbria
Ovary
Follicle
Updated:2/19/2019

27. Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn
Updated:2/19/2019

28. Oviduct Histology Mucosa Ciliated Columnar Nonciliated Columnar
Updated:2/19/2019

29. Functions of the Uterus
Muscle contractions
Transport sperm
Expel fetus and placenta
Absorption and phagocytosis
Partially prepares sperm for fertilization
capacitation
Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth
Hormone production
Prostaglandin F2a production
Updated:2/19/2019

30. Uterus (bovine) Bicornuate horn body
poorly to moderately developed uterine horns
uterine body
one cervix
cervix
Updated:2/19/2019

31. Caruncles
Updated:2/19/2019

32. Uterine Histology Endometrium Endometrial Glands Perimetrium
Myometrium
Updated:2/19/2019

33. Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrial Gland Endometrium Myometrium
Submucosa
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Updated:2/19/2019

34. Functions of the Cervix
Transport of sperm
Barrier to sperm (species dependent)
Reservoir for sperm
Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy
Birth canal
Updated:2/19/2019

35. COW Cervix Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue
Uterine Body
Internal Cervical Os
Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue
Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.
Cervix
Cow has 4-5
annular rings
External Cervical Os
Vagina
Updated:2/19/2019

36. Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix
External Os
EWE
Fornix
Anterior Vagina
Anterior Vagina
Updated:2/19/2019

37. Functions of the Vagina
Copulatory organ
Glands secrete lubrication
Birth canal
Glands secrete pheromones
Updated:2/19/2019

38. Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)
Anterior Vagina
Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)
Cervix
Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter
Fornix
Stratified
Squamous
Epithelium
Columnar
Epithelium
Urethra
Mucosa
Submucosa
Submucosa
Updated:2/19/2019

39. Posterior Vaginal Histology
Stratified Squamous
Epithelium
Mucosa
Submucosa
Updated:2/19/2019

40. Function of External Genitalia
Labia
Closes entrance to vagina
Clitoris
Female sensory organ
Updated:2/19/2019

41. External Genitalia of the Cow
Anus
Vulva
Labia
Clitoris
Labia
Updated:2/19/2019

42. Phenomena For Fertility
vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth
female bedbug - no vagina
hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses
hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male
Updated:2/19/2019

43. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle
Egg nest
Tertiary
follicle
Atretic follicle
Secondary follicle
Corpus
hemorrhagicum
Corpus albicans
Corpus luteum
Updated:2/19/2019