1. The Food Animal Industry and Economics

4. Cash Receipts All Agricultural Commodities Top 5 States - Livestock 3.4. 5.
Top 5 States - Livestock 1. 2.

6. Imports/Exports World Trade Why do we need to import?
All US products
Negative number (more imports than exports)
US agricultural products
Positive number
Why do we need to import?
Are agricultural imports good for the US farmer?

9. What Influences Price? Supply and demand
When supply is high relative to demand
When supply is low relative to demand
How quickly can we change supply as demand changes?

11. The Beef Industry

12. Cattle Basics Terms Young Mature Male Female – heifer Female – cow
Intact – bull calf
Castrated - steer
Female – heifer
Heifer calf, yearling heifer, 1st calf heifer, heiferette
Mature
Intact – bull
Castrated – steer or stag
Female – cow

13. Cattle Basics Species of Cattle Bos indicus –
Bos taurus – developed in more temperate regions (Europe)

14. World Beef Cattle Statistics

15. Beef Consumption Compared to other Protein Sources

16. Why do we allow imports? What are the effects of cattle imports?
Supply vs demand
Price decrease
What cuts are being imported and exported?
Why do we allow imports?

17. Cattle Inventory vs Beef Production

18. Total Cattle & Carcass Beef in The US 1977-2002
U.S. Beef inventory
1977 –
2015 – 90 million
U.S. Carcass Beef Production
1977 – 23 billion pounds
2015 –
How can this occur?

19. U.S. Beef Production Carcass weight
1975 – 579 lb
2015 –
Market age of fed cattle has decreased
15-24 months normally
Enhanced Genetics
Faster gaining cattle

20. Breeding Systems
Crossbreeding- the mating of 2 genetically very different parents. When this mating results in the progeny out performing both parents this is referred to as heterosis
Nicking-
Line Breeding- mating of related parents
Inbreeding- mating of closely related parents

21. Defects caused by inbreeding
Tibial hemimelia (TH)
Pulmonary Hypoplasia with Anasarca (PHA)
Arthrogryposis Multiplex (AM)
Neuropathic Hydrocephalus (NH)

23. Weaning to Harvest

24. Cow-Calf Production 33 million head of beef cows
Mostly where forage is abundant
16 states each have over 700,000 hd
75% of US total
60% of the 830,000 beef cow operations have less than 50 cows per operation
More than 70% of the beef cow inventory is in operations with more than 100 cows
Cow numbers fluctuate due to:
Drought
Land prices

25. Cow-Calf Production

27. Beef Cow Numbers
Top 5 States

30. Feedlot Cattle Top 5 States (Tie) Kansas & Nebraska (Tie)
Marketings are much higher than cattle on feed
How can this be?

31. The Sheep and Goat Industry

32. Sheep Basics Terms Mutton – meat from sheep that is over 1 year old
Young
Male
Intact – ram/ram lamb
Castrated - wether
Female – ewe
Ewe lamb
Mature
Intact – ram/buck
Castrated – wether or stag
Mutton – meat from sheep that is over 1 year old

33. Goat Basics Terms Young Mature Male Female – doe Female –
Intact – buck kid
Castrated - wether
Female – doe
doe kid
Mature
Intact –
Castrated – wether
Female –

34. Sheep and Goat Industry
Originated in Europe
Important in many regions of the world
Provide
Fiber, milk, hides, and meat
Very useful in developing countries
Adapt well to arid regions
Handle tough terrain
Don’t really compete with cattle
Goats graze browse (shrubs) and forbs (broadleaf plants)
Cattle – tall grasses and some forbs
Sheep - short grasses and some forbs

36. Sheep and Goats World sheep numbers are at all time highs
1 billion plus
U.S. exports small amounts of mutton
Mostly from cull ewes
U.S. imports lamb from Australia and New Zealand
World goat numbers – 924 million
Primarily in India and China
Followed by Pakistan, Sudan, and Bangladesh
Used for meat and milk in many regions

37. U.S. Sheep and Goats 1942 numbers of sheep peaked 2015
56 million
2015
2.7 million Meat Goats
Texas (1/1/2010)
720,000 Sheep

40. U.S. Breeding Ewes
Top 5 States
California
Utah

41. Sheep Production Major decline in sheep numbers in the west
Still produces 80% of US sheep
Most sheep are in flocks of <50 sheep
Secondary enterprise
40% of the flocks in the west are >50 sheep
Within this group:
1/3 of flocks in the West are exclusive sheep producers
2/3 are diversified livestock producers
23% of all sheep born in the Western US are lost before market
Predators
Weather

42. Types of Sheep Producers
Farm flocks
Generally smaller flocks
Produce lambs ready for slaughter
Range flocks
Generally larger flocks
Produce feeder lambs

43. Major Sectors Purebred breeder Commercial market lamb producer
Raise seedstock
Genetic improvement
Sell rams and ewes at a significant premium
Record keeping of matings are essential
Commercial market lamb producer
Produce market ready or feedlot ready lambs
120 lb at 120 days
Commercial feedlot operator
Some have capacity of 20,000
Increase weight (fat) on lambs prior to slaughter
40-60 days

44. The Swine Industry

45. Swine Basics Terms Farrowing – parturition in pigs
Young
Male
Intact – boar
Boar pig
Castrated - barrow
Female – gilt
Mature
Castrated – barrow
Female – sow
Farrowing – parturition in pigs
Parturition – giving birth

46. The Swine Industry 50% are in China
US swine more productive on a per head basis
US Exports majority to Japan; Imports majority from Canada

47. U.S. Swine Industry $18 Billion value in 2015 Corn Belt
Produces 70% of the nations swine
Pigs are fed corn/soybean meal diets
North Carolina and Oklahoma have experienced huge growth. Why?

49. U.S. Swine Industry
Top 5 States
North Carolina
Indiana

50. Pig Numbers Vs. Pork Production
Figure Pork production versus breeding hog inventory. Source: Livestock Marketing Information Center.

52. Market Share
What problems are associated with increased numbers of large farms?
Environmental problems
Animal rights concerns

53. Sectors Feeder-pig production Feeder-pig finishing
Produces salable pigs
~40 lb
Feeder-pig finishing
Purchases pigs and feeds until slaughter
Seedstock operations
Produce breeding stock
Farrow to finish operations
These are the growing sector
Disease transmission is decreased
Economic issues
No middle man