1. Parameter tuning

2. Tuning method DBH* class Tree density Mortality DBH* class Tuning parameters So that these two distribution can be expresed Establishment rateMortality *DBH: Diameter at Breast Height

3. DBH class Tree density Mortality DBH class Total biomass Growth rate for each DBH class Size structureCompetition among size class Most fundamental properties of the production and dynamics can be captured by this method

4. Tuning results Boreal needle-leaved evergreen wood Shiretoko1 (1.25ha, 6yrs) Simulated Shiretoko2 (2.25ha, 6yrs) Observed (0.09ha×20) Mortality (prop. per year) Tree density(N per ha) DBH class (5cm interval)

5. SimulatedObserved (0.09ha, 300yrs) Mortality (prop. per year) Tree density(N per ha) Tuning results Temperete broad-leaved evergreen wood South Kyushu1 (0.44ha, 5yrs) South Kyushu2 (1ha, 5yrs) DBH class (5cm interval)

6. Preliminary Results

7. ShiretokoSouth Kyushu Annual mean temp. 7.3 c Annual precipitation 769mm Annual mean temp. 18.2 c Annual precipitation 1197mm Simulation sites

8. Changes in Leaf Area Index (annual maximum in m 2 m -2 ) Grass PFTs Woody PFTs @ Shiretoko @ Kumamoto Grass PFTs Woody PFTs 1~500 yr simulation

9. Changes in carbon pool (Kg Carbon m -2 ) 1~500 yr simulation @ Shiretoko @ Kumamoto Grass biomass Tree biomass Soil Tree biomass Grass biomass

10. Changes in annual NEP (g Carbon m -2 year -1 ) carbon uptake carbon emission 1~500 yr simulation @ Shiretoko @ Kumamoto carbon uptake carbon emission